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Carbonate Outcrops

WorldPhysical Environment

Locations of outcrops of carbonate rocks, primarily limestone and dolostone

USGS

A map illustrates the global distribution of carbonate rock outcrops, indicated by yellow dots across various continents.

In North America, outcrops are prevalent along the western coast, the southeastern United States, and parts of Mexico. Central America and the Caribbean also have notable concentrations, particularly in Costa Rica and Cuba. In South America, significant outcrops are found in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Europe shows widespread outcrops, especially in France, Spain, Poland, and Ukraine, with additional dots in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Africa has notable outcrops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. In Asia, outcrops are concentrated in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with additional dots in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Southeast Asia has numerous outcrops, particularly in Indonesia. In Australia, outcrops are found along the eastern coast and in southern Australia, with additional dots in New Zealand.

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Carbonate Outcrops

Language Families

Distribution of Calcium Carbonate in Modern Surface Sediments

Carbonate Outcrops

Amerindian and Indo-European

Eskimo-Aleut

Indo-European

0 - 20

20 - 40

40 - 60

60 - 80

80 - 100

Arizona
219.5%80.5%
Utah
60.663%99.3%
Yukon
288.3%11.6%0.107%
Northwest Territories
152.2%7.85%4.66%
District of Columbia
100%
Idaho
2100%
New Hampshire
100%
Vermont
3100%
Wyoming
100%
Nunavut
18.72%0.383%0.977%
Montana
100%
North Dakota
100%
Kentucky
100%
Saskatchewan
12.5%87.5%
Mississippi
100%
West Virginia
100%
Nebraska
100%
Texas
99.8%
Missouri
100%
Louisiana
0.147%
Alabama
99.9%
New Mexico
100%
Kansas
100%
Wisconsin
100%
South Carolina
99.8%
Michigan
2100%
Alberta
55.4%0.298%
Connecticut
99.9%
Pennsylvania
100%
Colorado
1100%
Nevada
15100%
Québec
524.9%34.9%0.469%
Manitoba
4.25%66.4%
Oklahoma
100%
Tennessee
100%
Ontario
249.9%50.0%
Arkansas
100%
South Dakota
100%
Ohio
100%
Indiana
100%
Minnesota
100%
Iowa
100%
Illinois
100%
Alaska
327.6%0.108%0.153%0.671%
Florida
98.8%0.637%0.865%
Rhode Island
94.9%4.44%
Washington
40.121%1.05%
Maine
30.167%0.825%
Nova Scotia
18.3%3.14%
Virginia
99.7%0.818%
Delaware
99.2%2.57%
Prince Edward Island
94.3%19.7%
Hawaii
1.39%2.48%13.2%3.56%1.64%
North Carolina
99.4%1.08%
Oregon
899.9%0.120%
New Brunswick
199.2%0.602%
British Columbia
563.0%0.157%0.699%
Newfoundland and Labrador
434.1%14.7%24.7%1.91%
New Jersey
99.1%1.77%
Massachusetts
0.557%5.64%0.220%
Georgia
99.9%0.250%
New York
2.63%3.00%
Maryland
98.1%2.92%
California
699.7%0.408%0.184%
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