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Carbonate Outcrops

WorldPhysical Environment

Locations of outcrops of carbonate rocks, primarily limestone and dolostone

USGS

A map illustrates the global distribution of carbonate rock outcrops, indicated by yellow dots across various continents.

In North America, outcrops are prevalent along the western coast, the southeastern United States, and parts of Mexico. Central America and the Caribbean also have notable concentrations, particularly in Costa Rica and Cuba. In South America, significant outcrops are found in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Europe shows widespread outcrops, especially in France, Spain, Poland, and Ukraine, with additional dots in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Africa has notable outcrops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. In Asia, outcrops are concentrated in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with additional dots in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Southeast Asia has numerous outcrops, particularly in Indonesia. In Australia, outcrops are found along the eastern coast and in southern Australia, with additional dots in New Zealand.

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Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Areas Affected by Acid Rain

Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Acid Rain

Polluted air emissions leading to acid rain

Alaska
3
Arizona
2
Utah
6
Yukon
2
Northwest Territories
1
Idaho
2
British Columbia
5
Nunavut
10.158%
District of Columbia
100%
Florida
98.8%
New Hampshire
100%
Rhode Island
92.1%
Vermont
3100%
Washington
43.59%
Wyoming
29.2%
Montana
29.3%
Maine
399.2%
North Dakota
36.8%
Kentucky
24.3%75.7%
Nova Scotia
17.9%
Virginia
99.4%
Delaware
98.6%
Prince Edward Island
1.54%93.0%
Saskatchewan
1.42%
Mississippi
21.0%78.9%
West Virginia
100%
Nebraska
98.1%
Texas
0.245%
Missouri
100%
Louisiana
8.21%33.5%
North Carolina
99.3%
Oregon
852.1%
New Brunswick
12.23%
Alabama
82.1%17.8%
Kansas
63.2%
Wisconsin
36.3%63.1%
Newfoundland and Labrador
40.162%24.5%
New Jersey
98.5%
South Carolina
99.8%
Michigan
227.7%69.7%
Connecticut
100%
Pennsylvania
99.3%0.676%
Colorado
11.17%
Nevada
1544.1%
Massachusetts
96.4%
Georgia
99.8%
New York
2.48%
Maryland
97.6%
Québec
50.466%
Manitoba
0.172%
Oklahoma
27.0%
Tennessee
36.3%63.7%
Ontario
233.3%13.7%
California
695.7%
Arkansas
100%
South Dakota
100%
Ohio
18.8%81.1%
Indiana
100%
Minnesota
94.8%
Iowa
100%
Illinois
100%
0.16.0