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Carbonate Outcrops

WorldPhysical Environment

Locations of outcrops of carbonate rocks, primarily limestone and dolostone

USGS

A map illustrates the global distribution of carbonate rock outcrops, indicated by yellow dots across various continents.

In North America, outcrops are prevalent along the western coast, the southeastern United States, and parts of Mexico. Central America and the Caribbean also have notable concentrations, particularly in Costa Rica and Cuba. In South America, significant outcrops are found in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Europe shows widespread outcrops, especially in France, Spain, Poland, and Ukraine, with additional dots in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Africa has notable outcrops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. In Asia, outcrops are concentrated in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with additional dots in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Southeast Asia has numerous outcrops, particularly in Indonesia. In Australia, outcrops are found along the eastern coast and in southern Australia, with additional dots in New Zealand.

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Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Aquifers: Distribution and Recharge

Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence

HIV (U.S.)

Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

very high (>300)

high (100–300)

medium (20–100)

low (2–20)

very low (<2)

high (100–300)

medium (20–100)

low–very low (<20)

very high–high (>100)

medium–very low (<100)

Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence

Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence

Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence

Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence

Class

Rank

Infections per 100,000 people

Yukon
22.68%1.03%94.3%
Northwest Territories
10.393%14.9%20.5%0.340%
Nunavut
10.158%1.56%18.2%
Nova Scotia
25.1%6.85%
Prince Edward Island
1.54%98.8%
New Brunswick
10.131%55.2%0.167%
Newfoundland and Labrador
40.162%63.0%10.9%
Saskatchewan
7.13%4.36%15.3%6.27%23.7%7
British Columbia
50.939%8.63%3.82%42.0%15.4%1
Alberta
11.4%3.76%18.2%32.1%8.32%2.17%3.59%9
Québec
50.272%70.7%19.6%301
Manitoba
1.61%4.56%6.78%4.33%51.3%5411
Ontario
213.7%8.23%4.40%59.7%1.73%461
Alabama
52.2%32.1%10.6%1493413217342
Alaska
310.9%1.73%69.2%44122
Arizona
22.82%3.38%7.86%26.1%30.0%5123283
Arkansas
49.6%14.2%36.2%10523427239
California
61.53%8.91%2.60%8.90%3.94%0.295%0.750%14.0%3.26%310406
Colorado
13.69%14.3%3.67%9.04%16.4%46.7%25324269
Connecticut
99.9%16345
Delaware
97.7%1.87%39409
District of Columbia
100%12.26e+3
Florida
67.8%3.90%3165613
Georgia
50.4%4.39%36.4%903144644
Hawaii
7.83%2.03%33200
Idaho
20.187%2.97%8.14%5.84%27.5%16.7%38.6%14883.8
Illinois
0.557%94.5%0.407%10821618337
Indiana
65.5%0.222%12.0%5818130211
Iowa
38.7%26.5%11.3%6.08%86174146111
Kansas
13.6%26.2%18.1%41.9%825610139139
Kentucky
4.79%60.6%34.6%8726231210
Louisiana
99.6%931526553
Maine
399.6%0.281%38141
Maryland
64.7%13.9%20.7%813655
Massachusetts
0.204%98.0%2115354
Michigan
226.5%66.0%20335199
Minnesota
7.33%24.3%29.3%39.1%6011436190
Mississippi
80.4%0.601%11.5%162457213392
Missouri
5.80%47.7%11.5%24.4%9.83%95367125249
Montana
1.96%56.5%4.73%1.30%845075.0
Nebraska
45.3%37.3%4.89%3.30%6713737146
Nevada
150.846%77.8%0.958%0.158%10.3%8419
New Hampshire
100%245112
New Jersey
62.4%37.3%217468
New Mexico
9.01%8.20%2.38%17.5%42.2%728222
New York
2.89%5.91%91.1%1712762
North Carolina
38.6%0.266%54.6%541214374
North Dakota
25.0%35.7%38.6%38654983.4
Ohio
88.6%3.31%427326240
Oklahoma
9.60%2.65%7.80%23.7%54.6%104298234200
Oregon
84.58%2.26%3.46%4.92%49.2%17.6%0.416%232202
Pennsylvania
1.35%83.5%10.2%31319335
Rhode Island
95.4%22292
South Carolina
62.7%37.3%4615112405
South Dakota
4.24%4.28%9.35%8.75%73.3%47744794.4
Tennessee
21.5%71.6%3.39%8227821314
Texas
15.3%1.57%15.4%1.38%14.5%1.86%6.12%19346711405
Utah
619.0%13.5%4.33%52.4%8.18%243126
Vermont
3100%142133
Virginia
25.5%28.7%45.7%28820331
Washington
49.44%21.7%1.72%5.32%11.6%26.7%12.4%129220
West Virginia
99.3%0.714%440136
Wisconsin
42.1%16.2%35.1%321141134
Wyoming
9.28%70.8%0.149%1535173.0
0.16.0