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Carbonate Outcrops

WorldPhysical Environment

Locations of outcrops of carbonate rocks, primarily limestone and dolostone

USGS

A map illustrates the global distribution of carbonate rock outcrops, indicated by yellow dots across various continents.

In North America, outcrops are prevalent along the western coast, the southeastern United States, and parts of Mexico. Central America and the Caribbean also have notable concentrations, particularly in Costa Rica and Cuba. In South America, significant outcrops are found in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Europe shows widespread outcrops, especially in France, Spain, Poland, and Ukraine, with additional dots in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Africa has notable outcrops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. In Asia, outcrops are concentrated in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with additional dots in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Southeast Asia has numerous outcrops, particularly in Indonesia. In Australia, outcrops are found along the eastern coast and in southern Australia, with additional dots in New Zealand.

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Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

-2.0 to 0.0

0.0 to 1.9

2.0 to 3.9

4.0 to 5.9

6.0 to 7.9

8.0 to 9.9

10.0 to 11.9

12.0 to 13.9

14.0 to 15.9

18.0 to 19.9

20.0 to 21.9

22.0 to 23.9

24.0 to 25.9

26.0 to 27.9

28.0 to 29.9

Arizona
2
Utah
6
Yukon
2
Idaho
2
Vermont
3
Oregon
8
Colorado
1
Nevada
15
Alaska
30.243%0.756%0.368%
Northwest Territories
10.540%
Florida
0.797%0.110%0.317%0.665%
Rhode Island
4.89%
Washington
40.825%
Nunavut
10.158%2.12%
Maine
30.534%
Nova Scotia
1.84%0.489%0.275%0.472%
Virginia
0.725%
Delaware
1.06%
Prince Edward Island
1.54%5.18%
Texas
0.214%
Louisiana
1.00%
Hawaii
10.0%0.778%4.46%
North Carolina
0.239%0.183%0.286%
New Brunswick
10.647%0.219%
Alabama
0.114%
Wisconsin
0.545%
British Columbia
51.06%
Newfoundland and Labrador
40.162%1.04%0.607%
New Jersey
0.163%1.14%
Michigan
21.89%
Connecticut
0.194%
Massachusetts
1.32%2.66%0.220%
Georgia
0.230%
New York
0.265%0.344%
Maryland
2.09%
Québec
50.165%
Ontario
20.375%
California
60.120%0.206%
0.16.0