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Carbonate Outcrops

WorldPhysical Environment

Locations of outcrops of carbonate rocks, primarily limestone and dolostone

USGS

A map illustrates the global distribution of carbonate rock outcrops, indicated by yellow dots across various continents.

In North America, outcrops are prevalent along the western coast, the southeastern United States, and parts of Mexico. Central America and the Caribbean also have notable concentrations, particularly in Costa Rica and Cuba. In South America, significant outcrops are found in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Europe shows widespread outcrops, especially in France, Spain, Poland, and Ukraine, with additional dots in the United Kingdom and Sweden. Africa has notable outcrops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. In Asia, outcrops are concentrated in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, with additional dots in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Southeast Asia has numerous outcrops, particularly in Indonesia. In Australia, outcrops are found along the eastern coast and in southern Australia, with additional dots in New Zealand.

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Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Tropical Cyclone Zones

Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (70 m)

Performance during 2008–2009 Recession (U.S.)

Carbonate Outcrops

Sea Ice Extent

Tropical Cyclone Zones

Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (70 m)

Strongest

Second strongest

Middle

Second weakest

Weakest

British Columbia
5
Prince Edward Island
1.54%
Newfoundland and Labrador
40.162%
Alaska
30.255%
Yukon
20.684%
Northwest Territories
10.108%
New Hampshire
6.12%
Rhode Island
48.0%
Vermont
34.19%
Nunavut
10.158%0.364%
Nova Scotia
17.9%
Delaware
97.2%
New Brunswick
120.2%
Québec
51.53%
Manitoba
7.86%
Ontario
28.71%
Arizona
20.242%2
Utah
621
District of Columbia
77.4%1
Florida
2.91%98.1%14
Idaho
21
Washington
41
Maine
314.3%1
Kentucky
1
Virginia
21.7%1
Mississippi
0.303%32.2%1
Texas
11.0%6
Missouri
1
Louisiana
2.07%87.7%11
North Carolina
0.888%41.0%111
Oregon
81
Alabama
25.8%1
New Mexico
1
Kansas
1
Wisconsin
11
New Jersey
68.4%1
South Carolina
49.2%12
Michigan
22
Connecticut
10.5%21
Pennsylvania
0.839%221
Colorado
111
Nevada
151
Massachusetts
0.220%37.7%21
Georgia
30.7%11
New York
0.347%31
Maryland
53.3%1
Oklahoma
2
Tennessee
13
California
61.65%27
Arkansas
31.1%1
Ohio
142
Indiana
1
Minnesota
1
Iowa
2
Illinois
11
0.16.0