Seychelles

Caribbean

Mauritius

None

Angola

Botswana

Democratic Republic of Congo

eSwatini

Lesotho

Madagascar

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

South Africa

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map highlights the Southern African Development Community members such as Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Madagascar highlighted in light green.

Member states of the Southern African Development Community, an organization founded in 1980 to enhance economic cooperation among its members

Countries

SADC

Southern African Development Community (SADC) Members

Albania

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czechia

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Montenegro

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Europe

Canada

United States

North America

Turkey

Southwest Asia and North Africa

NATO member countries are highlighted blue on the map, including North America and Europe, such as Canada, the United States, and various Western and Eastern European nations.

Member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

World

NATO

NATO Members

Alaska

District of Columbia

Florida

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

Washington

Maine

Kentucky

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Prince Edward Island

Mississippi

West Virginia

Texas

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

Alabama

British Columbia

New Jersey

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Massachusetts

Georgia

New York

Maryland

Tennessee

Ontario

Arkansas

Ohio

Indiana

Illinois

Global map shows oil slicks in 1990s, depicted by black-shaded areas along coastlines, notably in East and Southeast Asia, Arabian Peninsula, East and West Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Mediterranean, Western Europe, North Atlantic, and America coastlines.

Generalized historical oil slicks.

Oil Slicks (1990s)

Geosystems: Intro to Physical Geography

Australia

New Zealand

Australia & Oceania

Kazakhstan

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

China

Japan

Mongolia

South Korea

East Asia

Russia

Eurasia

Serbia

Ukraine

Brazil

Colombia

Venezuela

Latin America

Mexico

India

Pakistan

South Asia

Indonesia

Thailand

Vietnam

Southeast Asia

A map highlights the proven coal reserves by country with darker being the highest. Dark green in the U S and Russia. Medium green in India, China, and Australia. Light green in Kazakhstan. Very light green in Brazil and Canada. Africa shows no data.

Coal reserves as a percentage of known world reserves by country

Proven Coal Reserves

Percent of world reserves

Arizona

Utah

Yukon

Northwest Territories

Idaho

Wyoming

Nunavut

Montana

North Dakota

Saskatchewan

Nebraska

Missouri

Oregon

New Brunswick

New Mexico

Kansas

Wisconsin

Newfoundland and Labrador

South Carolina

Michigan

Alberta

Colorado

Nevada

Québec

Manitoba

Oklahoma

California

South Dakota

Minnesota

Iowa

A map highlights the major landforms across the world, using different colors to represent various geological features

The global distribution of Earth's landforms, including mountains, shields, plains, basins, ice caps, and isolated areas of volcanic activity

Major Landforms

In North America, the western regions from the Arctic to south Texas are characterized by the Alpine System, depicted in purple, while the mid-continent and most of the eastern regions consist of Sedimentary Covers, shown in orange. The northeast, including eastern Canada and Greenland, is dominated by Laurasia Shields in green, with a small area of Sedimentary Covers along the western side of Hudson Bay. The east coast primarily features Caledonian and Hercynian (or Appalachian) Remnants in red, which are also present in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula and the larger Caribbean islands. In South America, northern and western regions, mainly the Andes Mountains, are part of the Alpine System, with a band of Sedimentary Covers along the eastern side of the Andes and the central Amazon basin. There are two large areas of Gondwana Shields in brown: one in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela, and another covering most of eastern and southern Brazil. Europe’s geological structure is complex. Caledonian and Hercynian Remnants are found in Norway, the British Isles, northwestern France, the western Iberian Peninsula, and areas north of the Alps, including southeastern France, parts of Germany, and Czechia. Laurasia Shields make up Scandinavia east of Norway, while Iceland is marked as an Isolated Volcanic Area in blue. The rest of northern Europe and European Russia consist of Sedimentary Covers, whereas southern Europe is part of the Alpine System. The Ural Mountains in Russia, forming Europe’s eastern boundary, are composed of Caledonian and Hercynian Remnants. In North Africa, Morocco and northern Algeria are part of the Alpine System. The northern Sahara, stretching from Western Sahara through southern Algeria and Libya to Egypt and northern Sudan, is composed of Sedimentary Covers. Much of the rest of Africa features Gondwana Shields, except for East Africa, which is dominated by the Rifted Shield Area in yellow, extending from Eritrea to Malawi and Mozambique. There are also small areas of Sedimentary Covers around the perimeter of the shield and Isolated Volcanic Areas in southern Algeria, northern Chad, and along the Nigeria-Cameroon border. In Asia, the Alpine System extends from Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan to the Himalayas, much of China, Southeast Asia, and the Indonesian Archipelago. North of this mountainous region, central Russia consists of Sedimentary Covers, with parts of Central Asia containing Caledonian and Hercynian Remnants. Russia's Far East and Siberia feature a Rifted Shield Area and a large Alpine System zone. Australia is a mosaic of Gondwana Shields and Sedimentary Covers, except along its eastern coast, which includes Caledonian and Hercynian Remnants and a Rifted Shield Area near Adelaide on the south coast. This comprehensive map highlights the diverse geological features and landforms that shape each continent.

Southern African Development Community (SADC) Members	NATO Members	Oil Slicks (1990s)	Proven Coal Reserves			Major Landforms
Value	Value	Oil Slicks (1990s)	Class	Rank	Percent of world reserves	Caledonian and Hercynian (or Appalachian) remnants	Isolated volcanic areas	Alpine system	Sedimentary covers	Laurasian shields












		8.20%				19.2%	76.7%	61.8%	40.1%	53.1%

MapMaster 3

Southern African Development Community (SADC) Members