Australia

New Zealand

Australia & Oceania

Kazakhstan

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

China

Japan

Mongolia

South Korea

East Asia

Russia

Eurasia

Bulgaria

Czechia

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Poland

Romania

Serbia

Spain

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Europe

Brazil

Colombia

Venezuela

Latin America

Canada

Mexico

United States

North America

India

Pakistan

South Asia

Indonesia

Thailand

Vietnam

Southeast Asia

Turkey

Southwest Asia and North Africa

South Africa

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

A map highlights the proven coal reserves by country with darker being the highest. Dark green in the U S and Russia. Medium green in India, China, and Australia. Light green in Kazakhstan. Very light green in Brazil and Canada. Africa shows no data.

Coal reserves as a percentage of known world reserves by country

Countries

World

Proven Coal Reserves

Percent of world reserves

Florida

Kentucky

Virginia

West Virginia

Texas

Kansas

Georgia

Oklahoma

Tennessee

Illinois

None

A map showing the approximate form and extent of outcrop of carbonate rocks worldwide, highlighted in green.

Extent of carbonate rocks or predominantly carbonate sequences

Approximate Form and Extent of Outcrop of Carbonate Rocks

The outcrops of carbonate rocks are scattered across various regions. In North America, notable areas include the southeastern United States and parts of Mexico. The Caribbean also has some carbonate rock outcrops. In South America, small outcrops are present in Brazil. Africa has outcrops in northwestern and southern regions, including Morocco, Algeria, and South Africa. Europe shows significant outcrops in central and southern areas, particularly in countries like Spain, Italy, and Austria. Russia has some outcrops, while Asia has smaller areas of outcrops in countries like Myanmar, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Japan. In Australia, outcrops are found in the southern part of the country.

USGS

Alaska

Arizona

Yukon

Northwest Territories

District of Columbia

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

Nunavut

Maine

Nova Scotia

Delaware

Mississippi

Louisiana

North Carolina

New Brunswick

Alabama

New Jersey

South Carolina

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Massachusetts

New York

Maryland

Québec

Manitoba

Ontario

California

Arkansas

A map highlights areas around the world that are vulnerable to a sea-level rise of 70 meters, marked in blue.

Areas vulnerable to a 70-meter rise in sea level, given worst-case scenario conditions

Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (70 m)

In North America, vulnerable regions include the eastern seaboard of the United States, the Gulf Coast, parts of the West Coast, and the coastal areas of Canada, including the Arctic regions. Central America shows vulnerability along its entire coastline, particularly in Mexico, Belize, and the eastern coasts of Nicaragua and Panama. In South America, the vulnerable areas are mainly along the eastern coast, including parts of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, as well as the western coastlines of Colombia and Ecuador. Europe sees extensive vulnerability along the Atlantic coasts, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea, including the British Isles, the coastlines of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and the Baltic states, as well as parts of the Mediterranean coastline, including Italy and Greece. In Africa, vulnerable areas are identified along the Mediterranean coast in the north, the west coast from Mauritania to Nigeria, parts of the east coast in Somalia and Tanzania, and the southern tip around South Africa. Asia shows significant vulnerability in low-lying coastal areas, including the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia), and East Asia, particularly eastern China and Japan. In Australia, the vulnerable areas include the northern coast, the eastern seaboard, and parts of the southern and western coasts. Oceania has numerous vulnerable areas, especially in the low-lying islands and coastal regions of countries like Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. Antarctica is marked with some coastal vulnerability, highlighting the global impact of potential sea-level rise on diverse geographic regions.

Washington

Oregon

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

Michigan

The map shows the distribution of some of the world’s major hydroelectric dams and power-generating stations. In North America, these facilities are found in Canada in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Labrador. In the United States, they are on major rivers in the Pacific Northwest (for example, the Columbia River), Arizona and Utah (on the Colorado River), and in the Northeast in New York (on the Niagara River between United States and Canada) and New England. In South America, dams generate hydro power in Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil (particularly on the Paraná River and its tributaries), and in Argentina on the Rio de la Plata and on rivers that flow from the Andes mountains. In Europe, major hydroelectric facilities are found in Portugal, Norway, France, Switzerland, Ukraine (on the Dnieper River), and in Russia (on the Volga and on rivers in Siberia, which is in Asia). In Africa, these facilities have been constructed on the Nile River in Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia and between Zambia and Zimbabwe on the Zambesi River. In Southwest Asia, hydroelectric dams generate power on the Euphrates River in Turkey, the Tigris in Iraq, and Iran’s Zagros Mountains. In Central Asia, Tajikistan has a hydroelectric dam. In South Asia, dams have been constructed on rivers in northern Pakistan; in India on rivers in Kashmir in the north as well as in several places in central and southern India; and in Bhutan. In Southeast Asia, these facilities are found in Laos and Vietnam and in Indonesia on the islands of Java and Borneo. In East Asia, southwestern and central China have numerous hydroelectric dams, and there are also a few in northern China. Japan has a major hydroelectric dam between Tokyo and Osaka. The map does not show any hydropower production for Oceania.

The world's primary regions for producing hydroelectricity at dammed river power plants

Hydroelectric Power Production

Global Energy Observatory

Acid Rain

African Languages

Agricultural Regions

Anthropogenic Biomes

Aquifers: Distribution and Recharge

Areas Affected by Acid Rain

Areas Affected by Trypanosomiasis

Areas at Risk of Soil Degradation

Average Annual Precipitation

Average Annual Snowfall

Average Distribution of Dew Point Temperatures, January

Average Distribution of Dew Point Temperatures, July

Average Number of Hail Storms

Average Number of Tornado Incidences per Year (U.S.)

Bantu Migrations

Barren or Sparsely Vegetated Areas

Biomes

British Conquest of India

British Empire, Early 1920s

Caribbean Languages

Chinese Empires

Climate Zones

Cold Front

Colonial Possessions, 1914

Continental Shelf

Core Diamond Mining Areas

Days with Heavy Fog

Deforestation: Net Loss, 2000-2015

Deserts and Desertification Risk

Distribution of Calcium Carbonate in Modern Surface Sediments

Distribution of Neritic (Nearshore) and Pelagic (Open Ocean) Sediments

Drought Risk

Drug Cultivation and Production Regions

Early Sub-Saharan States and Empires

Earthquake Hazard Areas (U.S.)

Ecological Regions: Level 1 Regions

Ethnic and Cultural Regions

Ethnic Diversity

Ethnic Groups (Iraq and Iran)

European Settlement Expansion

Forest Types, 1900

Former Soviet Republics

Former Warsaw Pact Members

General Area of Sedimentary Formations Favorable to Oil

Geographic Areas Under Dispute

Geology Rock Type

Global Mean Temperature, January

Global Mean Temperature, July

Global Surface Warming: Best-Case Projections

Global Surface Warming: Worst-Case Projections (IPCC)

Global Surface Warming: Worst-Case Projections (NASA)

Global Temperature Change

Groundwater Salinization

Habitat Fragmentation

Herder's Environment

Human Occupation

Indigenous Languages

Insolation

Lake Desiccation

Land Cover

Language Families

Languages - Russian Domain

Language Subfamilies

Large Chinese Communities

Latin America, 1650

Latin America, 1830

Lightning Frequency

Major Drainage Basins

Major Foreign Enclaves and Exclaves

Major Hearths

Major Iron-Producing Areas in North America

Major Karst Regions

Major Landforms

Major Manufacturing Regions

Major Soil Orders

Major Territorial Acquisitions (U.S.)

Malaria Risk Areas

Mangrove swamps

Marine Sediment Thickness

Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

Muslim Populations

National Parks

Native American Culture Areas

Natural Gas Supply Areas

Ocean Bathymetry

Ocean Circulation Sinks

Ocean Climate Zones

Oil Shale or Tar Sands

Oil Slicks (1990s)

Original Tillers' Environment

Peak Drought Record, 2016 (U.S.)

Peak Drought Record (U.S.)

Proven Coal Reserves			Approximate Form and Extent of Outcrop of Carbonate Rocks	Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (70 m)	Hydroelectric Power Production
Class	Rank	Percent of world reserves	Approximate Form and Extent of Outcrop of Carbonate Rocks	Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (70 m)	Bad Creek Hydroelectric Power Plant SC USA	Bath County Pumped Storage Hydroelecric Power Plant VA USA	Beauharnois Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Bersimis-1 Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Blenheim Gilboa Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant NY USA	Bonneville Hydro Power Plant OR USA	Boundary Dam Hydro Power Plant WA USA	Castaic Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant CA USA	Chief Joseph Hydro Power Plant WA USA	Churchill Falls Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	G M Shrum (W.A.C. Bennett) Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Glen Canyon Dam Hydro Power Plant AZ USA	Grand Coulee Hydro Power Plant WA USA	Helms Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant CA USA	Hoover Dam Hydro Power Plant AZ/NV USA	John Day Hydro Power Plant OR USA	Kettle Rapids Hydroelectric generating Station Canada	La Grande-1 Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	La Grande-2-A Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	La grande-3 Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	La grande-4 Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Limestone Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Long Spruce Hydroelectric Geneerating Station Canada	Ludington Hydro Power Plant MI USA	Manic-2 (Jean-Lesage) Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Manic-3 (Rene-Levesque) Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Manic-5 Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Manic-5-PA Hydroelectric generating Station Canada	Mica Creek Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Muddy Run Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant PA USA	Northfield Mountain Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant MA USA	Outardes-3 Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	R.H. Saunders Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant TN USA	Revelstoke Hydroelectric Power Plant Canada	Robert Moses Niagara Hydro Power Plant NY USA	Robert-Bourassa Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	Rocky Mountain Pumped Storage Hydro Hydro Power Plant GA USA	Rocky Reach Hydro Power Plant WA USA	Sir Adam Beck II Hydroelectric Generating Station Canada	The Dalles Hydro Power Plant OR USA	Toktogul Hydroelectric Power Plant Kyrgyzstan	Wanapum Hydro Power Plant WA USA











			5.56%	4.91%	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

MapMaster 3

Proven Coal Reserves