Afghanistan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Uzbekistan

Central Asia

China

Mongolia

Nepal

East Asia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Russia

Eurasia

Belarus

Europe

India

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Cambodia

Southeast Asia

Iran

Turkey

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation members, observers, and dialogue partners. Member states (black) include Russia and China. Observer states (yellow) include India, Iran, and Afghanistan. Dialogue partners (blue) include Turkey and Cambodia.

Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, a political, economic, and security organization created in 2001

Countries

World

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Alaska

Arizona

Utah

Yukon

Northwest Territories

District of Columbia

Florida

Idaho

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

Washington

Wyoming

Nunavut

Montana

Maine

North Dakota

Kentucky

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Prince Edward Island

Saskatchewan

Mississippi

West Virginia

Nebraska

Texas

Missouri

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

Oregon

New Brunswick

Alabama

New Mexico

Kansas

Wisconsin

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Jersey

South Carolina

Michigan

Alberta

Connecticut

Pennsylvania

Colorado

Nevada

Massachusetts

Georgia

New York

Maryland

Québec

Manitoba

Oklahoma

Tennessee

Ontario

California

Arkansas

South Dakota

Ohio

Indiana

Minnesota

Iowa

Illinois

None

A map highlights the major groundwater basins, Complex Hydrogeological Structures, and Local and Shallow Aquifers.

Global distribution of aquifers, which are underground layers of water-bearing permeable rock

Aquifers: Distribution and Recharge

In North America, major groundwater basins are located in the western Great Plains and the southeastern United States, including Florida, with smaller basins found in western Canada, the western United States, northern Mexico, and Central America. South America's major aquifers are in the Amazon basin, along the eastern side of the northern Andes, and in eastern and southern Brazil as well as north-central Argentina. In Europe, significant aquifers stretch from France eastward to Russia, north of the Alps but south of Scandinavia, and are not found near the Mediterranean coast.In North Africa, major groundwater basins run from west to east, south of the Atlas Mountains, along the Mediterranean coast from Tunisia to Egypt, and along Egypt’s lower Nile River Valley. In Sub-Saharan Africa, these basins extend from west to east through the Sahel. Central Africa's primary groundwater basins are in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia, with smaller basins scattered throughout southern Africa and near the Indian Ocean coast from southern Tanzania to Somalia. In Southwest and Central Asia, the basins are smaller and scattered, spanning the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, and decreasing in size farther north into Central Asia.Siberia in Russia contains large groundwater basins, while the vast interior of Asia, including the deserts of western China, Mongolia, and the Tibetan plateau, has few small, scattered basins. South Asia features major basins in Pakistan and northern India, along the southern Himalayas, and in the river deltas of Bangladesh. In Southeast Asia, aquifers are scattered across the mainland and larger islands like Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea. East Asia's major basins are in northeastern China, with a few smaller ones on the Korean Peninsula and in Japan. In Oceania, Australia has a significant groundwater basin beneath much of its eastern region, with another on the northwestern side of the continent.

Die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Recharge in mm/a

A world map shows water resources vulnerability.

Measure of projected water stress in the year 2020; water stress is the ratio of total annual water withdrawals to total available annual renewable supply.

Water Resources Vulnerability

Areas shaded in light yellow represent regions with arid and low water use, predominantly found in parts of Australia (central regions), Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Mauritania, and Yemen. Regions with low vulnerability, less than 10 percent, are shown in light orange and are primarily located in most parts of Africa, South America, Canada, Russia, most of Asia. Areas with low-medium vulnerability, ranging from 10 to 20 percent, are depicted in orange and are scattered throughout some parts of Japan and U S A, some parts of Asia and Europe. Medium-high vulnerability areas, between 20 to 40 percent, are shown in light red and are mainly found in South Africa, China, and many more. High vulnerability regions, ranging from 40 to 80 percent, are shaded in red and are located in parts of U S A, Europe, and Asia. Areas with extremely high vulnerability, over 80 percent, are shown in dark red and include most of U S A and Asia. Some areas such as Greenland and South Pole are marked with a gray shade, indicating no data available for those regions.

World Resources Institute

A map shows the electoral votes for the U.S. presidential election by state in 2016. The states won by Clinton are highlighted in blue, while than won by Trump are in red. Some of the highlighted states are Blue: Washington, New York. Red: Alaska, Texas.

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation	Aquifers: Distribution and Recharge										Water Resources Vulnerability							U.S. Presidential Election by State: Electoral Votes, 2016
Value	very high (>300)	high (100–300)	medium (20–100)	low (2–20)	very low (<2)	high (100–300)	medium (20–100)	low–very low (<20)	very high–high (>100)	medium–very low (<100)	No data	Arid and low water use	Low (<10%)	Low-medium (10-20%)	Medium-high (20-40%)	High (40-80%)	Extremely high (>80%)	Value







	6.63%	17.7%	9.02%	11.0%	16.0%	11.5%	10.1%	12.7%	26.5%	24.8%	0.654%	3.65%	47.2%	4.86%	6.22%	9.97%	14.9%