European Settlement Expansion
North AmericaPoliticalEuropean settlement in North America from 1750–1910. Use timeline controls at bottom of the map to display data by time period.
natureA map highlights the European settlement expansion across North America.
The orange regions indicate areas where European settlers expanded, primarily covering the eastern and central United States, extending from the East Coast, including states like New York, Virginia, and Massachusetts, to the Midwest, including Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. It also extends to parts of the South, including Georgia, Florida, and Texas, and further west into areas like California, Oregon, and Washington.
Settled 1750–1850 | Settled by 1750 | Settled by 1910 | Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability (1 m) | -0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona | 1.44% | ||||||||
Utah | 4.68% | 30.1% | |||||||
Idaho | 17.6% | ||||||||
Vermont | 97.2% | 2.78% | |||||||
Wyoming | 7.05% | ||||||||
Montana | 22.9% | ||||||||
North Dakota | 97.5% | ||||||||
Kentucky | 100% | ||||||||
Saskatchewan | 19.8% | ||||||||
Mississippi | 98.9% | ||||||||
West Virginia | 93.8% | 6.16% | |||||||
Nebraska | 84.7% | ||||||||
Missouri | 98.8% | 1.13% | |||||||
New Mexico | 7.36% | 6.25% | 57.8% | ||||||
Kansas | 99.9% | ||||||||
Wisconsin | 2.94% | 82.7% | |||||||
Michigan | 31.3% | 37.6% | |||||||
Alberta | 11.0% | ||||||||
Pennsylvania | 82.4% | 17.6% | |||||||
Colorado | 88.3% | ||||||||
Nevada | 13.0% | ||||||||
Québec | 3.95% | ||||||||
Manitoba | 7.10% | ||||||||
Oklahoma | 100% | ||||||||
Tennessee | 100% | ||||||||
Ontario | 9.16% | 1.76% | |||||||
Arkansas | 100% | ||||||||
South Dakota | 82.4% | ||||||||
Ohio | 100% | ||||||||
Indiana | 100% | ||||||||
Minnesota | 2.69% | 91.1% | |||||||
Iowa | 45.5% | 54.5% | |||||||
Illinois | 98.6% | 1.40% | |||||||
Northwest Territories | 0.106% | ||||||||
District of Columbia | 100% | 6.93% | |||||||
New Hampshire | 68.1% | 28.3% | 3.60% | 0.244% | |||||
Oregon | 2.57% | 45.6% | 0.116% | ||||||
Alabama | 98.2% | 1.78% | 0.215% | ||||||
South Carolina | 49.6% | 50.3% | 3.55% | ||||||
Connecticut | 99.9% | 0.331% | |||||||
Georgia | 90.2% | 4.67% | 5.08% | 0.545% | |||||
Alaska | 0.230% | 0.318% | |||||||
Florida | 35.0% | 1.81% | 44.5% | 0.876% | 0.596% | ||||
Rhode Island | 2.94% | 3.07% | 4.64% | ||||||
Washington | 1.36% | 26.5% | 0.110% | 0.513% | |||||
Nunavut | 0.118% | 0.352% | |||||||
Maine | 60.5% | 4.65% | 34.3% | 0.127% | 0.133% | ||||
Nova Scotia | 13.9% | 5.00% | 0.134% | 0.847% | |||||
Virginia | 27.6% | 72.3% | 0.108% | 0.126% | |||||
Delaware | 99.6% | 5.31% | 0.762% | ||||||
Prince Edward Island | 21.9% | 1.21% | 1.25% | 0.264% | |||||
Texas | 22.3% | 1.00% | 0.183% | ||||||
Louisiana | 80.3% | 9.57% | 5.23% | 0.728% | 0.184% | ||||
Hawaii | 1.26% | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | |||
North Carolina | 58.0% | 5.50% | 0.189% | 0.319% | |||||
New Brunswick | 65.9% | 3.53% | 0.167% | 0.522% | |||||
British Columbia | 1.58% | 0.126% | |||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.24% | 0.392% | |||||||
New Jersey | 1.38% | 98.3% | 2.79% | 0.329% | |||||
Massachusetts | 10.9% | 87.0% | 0.375% | 1.78% | |||||
New York | 83.0% | 2.86% | 3.57% | 0.163% | 0.105% | ||||
Maryland | 11.6% | 87.5% | 0.568% | 0.874% | |||||
California | 1.21% | 26.0% | 0.557% | 0.110% | |||||