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Principal Aquifers

North AmericaPhysical Environment

Locations of various aquifers in North America, including consolidated rock aquifers, which are made up of mostly volcanic rocks in the Northwest and mostly sandstone and limestone elsewhere; combination aquifers, which are sand and gravel aquifers overlying productive rock aquifers; and productive aquifers, which have a 0.4 liter/second potential

Geosystems: Intro to Physical Geography

A map highlights the principal aquifers across North America, categorized into three types.

Consolidated rock aquifers, shaded in green, are predominantly found in northern Canada, including regions like Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, and extending into parts of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Also found in the northern Canada regions like Victoria Island, Parry Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and Ellesmere Island, also extending to Southern regions like Winnipeg, Ottawa, and Halifax. Combination aquifers, shaded in orange, are primarily located in the central and eastern United States, covering areas in states like Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota, and extending to parts of the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast, including New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida. Productive aquifers, also shaded in light green, are found in regions of Florida and across the western United States near Oregon.

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Principal Aquifers

Ecological Regions: Level 2 Labels

Water Resources Vulnerability

Consolidated rock aquifers

Combination aquifers

Productive aquifers

ALASKA BOREAL INTERIOR

ALASKA TUNDRA

ARCTIC CORDILLERA

ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS

BOREAL CORDILLERA

BOREAL PLAIN

BROOKS RANGE TUNDRA

CENTRAL USA PLAINS

COLD DESERTS

EVERGLADES

HUDSON PLAIN

MARINE WEST COAST FOREST

MEDITERRANEAN CALIFORNIA

MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL AND SOUTHEAST USA COASTAL PLAINS

MIXED WOOD PLAINS

MIXED WOOD SHIELD

NORTHERN ARCTIC

OZARK/OUACHITA-APPALACHIAN FORESTS

SOFTWOOD SHIELD

SOUTH CENTRAL SEMIARID PRAIRIES

SOUTHEASTERN USA PLAINS

SOUTHERN ARCTIC

TAIGA CORDILLERA

TAIGA PLAIN

TAIGA SHIELD

TEMPERATE PRAIRIES

TEXAS-LOUISIANA COASTAL PLAIN

UPPER GILA MOUNTAINS

WARM DESERTS

WEST-CENTRAL SEMIARID PRAIRIES

WESTERN CORDILLERA

WESTERN SIERRA MADRE PIEDMONT

No data

Arid and low water use

Low (<10%)

Low-medium (10-20%)

Medium-high (20-40%)

High (40-80%)

Extremely high (>80%)

Alaska
2815160.132%87.9%0.193%0.154%1.32%
Arizona
5.15%2113.34%9.37%6.97%0.448%4.52%
Utah
2.03%1120.8%13.7%0.313%0.420%49.5%
Yukon
83.0%10.923%99.0%
Northwest Territories
37.6%31110.342%3.62%
District of Columbia
55.6%100%
Florida
25.3%1.48%1110.4%12.0%0.279%0.266%0.590%
Idaho
1.85%6.13%0.772%13.8%28.4%8.83%44.9%
New Hampshire
17.2%33.7%40.5%8.46%
Rhode Island
10.183%86.5%6.09%
Vermont
7.27%88.3%4.41%
Washington
1.17%1272.6%3.37%5.42%0.287%6.53%
Wyoming
3.58%1121.7%0.541%70.3%
Nunavut
2.51%82040.979%18.2%
Montana
1.34%1328.7%2.60%14.6%5.24%35.2%
Maine
194.9%2.65%0.228%0.817%
North Dakota
3.00%6.69%17.38%3.22%4.45%0.249%9.67%36.7%
Kentucky
8.30%76.6%17.7%5.68%
Nova Scotia
29.2%20.182%80.1%
Virginia
8.27%11.9%0.775%16.4%1.64%
Delaware
98.6%10.105%37.7%61.1%
Prince Edward Island
77.5%198.5%
Saskatchewan
11.0%14.25%59.9%2.62%2.54%2.67%0.868%
Mississippi
99.6%174.5%1.57%23.9%
West Virginia
1.96%163.6%17.6%14.6%
Nebraska
75.9%10.605%3.54%22.3%73.5%
Texas
27.0%2114.07%3.41%2.84%1.94%22.5%2.71%
Missouri
56.4%45.5%14.9%0.131%5.37%
Louisiana
98.6%54.5%20.6%5.75%
Hawaii
7.82%
North Carolina
7.59%110.116%12.2%54.7%3.14%0.982%
Oregon
1.21%1.53%114.3%48.2%11.8%4.82%0.772%0.847%
New Brunswick
50.2%199.5%
Alabama
4.32%192.6%5.45%0.987%
New Mexico
4.90%2.15%430.3%0.128%7.32%21.7%
Kansas
1.62%5.11%0.176%1.82%13.8%68.4%
Wisconsin
12.5%1.43%15.67%25.0%40.8%9.68%
British Columbia
59.8%111192.0%1.55%0.285%
Newfoundland and Labrador
5.25%174.5%
New Jersey
58.8%10.162%3.07%94.0%1.76%
South Carolina
30.0%2.54%0.748%24.6%36.2%
Michigan
16.1%16.3%11156.0%3.00%4.63%9.70%
Alberta
6.33%113.52%56.8%0.267%4.01%3.67%11.4%
Connecticut
2.14%0.460%29.6%24.9%23.8%1.35%
Pennsylvania
11.6%11.42%27.8%49.9%3.96%
Colorado
2.33%2.58%10.795%9.40%85.2%
Nevada
1.63%2.87%18.21%0.731%1.40%0.413%2.80%24.0%
Massachusetts
10.206%0.166%33.6%8.30%30.7%
Georgia
2.57%17.9%8.71%47.0%37.9%
New York
3.15%2125.4%5.89%56.3%5.19%0.401%
Maryland
34.3%0.151%4.45%64.3%1.05%8.49%
Québec
1.02%11121199.1%0.240%
Manitoba
2.62%0.656%83.1%11.7%2.04%1.39%
Oklahoma
1.97%2.69%11.4%5.60%4.28%17.9%30.0%
Tennessee
17.6%90.1%5.50%
Ontario
5.05%11197.2%1.67%1.13%
California
4.23%1.35%2110.688%12.5%0.232%17.8%2.26%1.00%
Arkansas
15.9%1112.6%46.8%33.2%6.01%
South Dakota
10.3%6.62%132.7%3.47%37.3%22.0%
Ohio
15.0%3.42%0.721%29.0%
Indiana
11.6%10.434%1.19%8.61%4.78%
Minnesota
2.27%3.62%121.0%3.81%13.1%23.4%22.0%
Iowa
2.05%126.6%12.5%44.0%16.3%0.628%
Illinois
33.0%3.68%130.9%0.187%44.1%9.75%
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