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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

OceansPhysical Environment

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

NOAA

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño					Nitrogen Oxide (NOₓ) Emissions			Students per Teacher in Primary School			COVID-19 Case Mortality Rate			Major Territorial Acquisitions (U.S.)
-0.25 to 0.25	0.75 to 1.0	1.0 to 1.25	1.25 to 1.5	1.5 to 1.75	Class	Rank	Kilotons per year	Class	Rank	Value	Class	Rank	Percent	Extent of U.S., 1803	Louisiana Purchase, 1803	West Florida, 1810–1813	British Cession, 1818	East Florida, 1819	Northern Maine, 1842	Texas Annexation, 1845	Oregon Country, 1846	Mexican Cession, 1848	Gadsden Purchase, 1853	Alaska, 1867	Hawaii, 1898












0.311%	1.20%	0.159%	0.444%	2.10%										91.6%	79.0%	7.81%	30.8%	98.3%	16.6%	50.1%	57.7%	66.4%	12.6%	63.8%	91.5%

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