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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

OceansPhysical Environment

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

NOAA

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

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Display by:	Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño					Tropical Forests	Salt Marshes	Insolation
	-0.25 to 0.25	0.75 to 1.0	1.0 to 1.25	1.25 to 1.5	1.5 to 1.75	Tropical Forests	Salt Marshes	240–259	220–239	200–219	180–199	160–179	140–159	120–139	100–119	80–99	Less than 80
Alaska	0.318%														28.4%	69.2%	2.23%
Arizona								44.2%	33.7%	22.1%
Utah										70.0%	8.89%	2.63%
Yukon															100%
Northwest Territories														2.63%	82.4%	14.9%
District of Columbia												100%
Florida	0.596%					1.15%	1.33%		32.7%	67.3%
Idaho												78.1%	21.9%
New Hampshire							1.37%						100%
Rhode Island	4.64%						2.01%						100%
Vermont													100%
Washington	0.513%						0.132%					1.22%	98.8%
Wyoming											12.4%	87.6%
Nunavut	0.352%													1.36%	33.1%	65.5%
Montana												14.7%	85.3%
Maine	0.133%						0.322%						99.8%	0.153%
North Dakota													100%
Kentucky											46.4%	53.6%
Nova Scotia	0.847%						0.591%						52.4%	47.6%
Virginia	0.126%						0.493%				2.49%	97.5%
Delaware	0.762%						33.7%					100%
Prince Edward Island	1.25%		0.264%				1.22%							100%
Saskatchewan													42.7%	57.2%
Mississippi							0.461%			82.1%	17.9%
West Virginia												99.2%	0.827%
Nebraska											9.53%	90.5%
Texas	0.183%						0.123%	5.26%	58.9%	35.9%
Missouri											66.4%	33.6%
Louisiana	0.184%						0.106%		26.8%	73.2%
Hawaii	1.74%	1.20%	0.113%	0.444%	2.10%				2.67%	97.3%
North Carolina	0.319%						0.191%				73.0%	27.0%
Oregon												96.3%	3.75%
New Brunswick	0.522%						0.488%						47.2%	52.8%
Alabama							0.174%			66.2%	33.8%
New Mexico								15.5%	33.9%	49.1%
Kansas										5.90%	91.6%	2.46%
Wisconsin													100%
British Columbia	0.126%						0.160%						21.7%	31.5%	46.8%
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.392%													29.5%	69.1%	1.36%
New Jersey	0.329%						15.3%					51.6%	48.4%
South Carolina							6.81%				100%
Michigan													100%
Alberta													29.7%	53.1%	17.2%
Connecticut							0.797%						100%
Pennsylvania												19.4%	80.6%
Colorado										48.1%	51.6%	0.332%
Nevada									1.58%	63.4%	31.2%	3.86%
Massachusetts	1.78%						3.30%				0.220%		99.8%
Georgia							2.72%			48.3%	51.7%
New York	0.105%						0.102%						100%
Maryland	0.874%						0.178%					100%
Québec													10.4%	38.5%	41.0%	10.1%
Manitoba													26.0%	66.7%	7.35%
Oklahoma										82.2%	17.8%
Tennessee											100%
Ontario													30.4%	56.0%	13.7%
California	0.110%						0.156%	2.69%	22.7%	49.4%	19.9%	5.25%
Arkansas										50.1%	49.9%
South Dakota												50.1%	49.9%
Ohio												51.6%	48.4%
Indiana											0.561%	79.2%	20.2%
Minnesota													99.9%
Iowa												77.7%	22.3%
Illinois											11.8%	73.8%	14.4%

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