Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Tropical Forests | Salt Marshes | very high (>300) | high (100–300) | medium (20–100) | low (2–20) | very low (<2) | high (100–300) | medium (20–100) | low–very low (<20) | very high–high (>100) | medium–very low (<100) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | 10.9% | 1.73% | 69.2% | |||||||||||||
Arizona | 2.82% | 3.38% | 7.86% | 26.1% | 30.0% | ||||||||||||
Utah | 19.0% | 13.5% | 4.33% | 52.4% | 8.18% | ||||||||||||
Yukon | 2.68% | 1.03% | 94.3% | ||||||||||||||
Northwest Territories | 0.393% | 14.9% | 20.5% | 0.340% | |||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 100% | ||||||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 1.15% | 1.33% | 67.8% | 3.90% | ||||||||||||
Idaho | 0.187% | 2.97% | 8.14% | 5.84% | 27.5% | 16.7% | 38.6% | ||||||||||
New Hampshire | 1.37% | 100% | |||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 2.01% | 95.4% | ||||||||||||||
Vermont | 100% | ||||||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 0.132% | 9.44% | 21.7% | 1.72% | 5.32% | 11.6% | 26.7% | 12.4% | ||||||||
Wyoming | 9.28% | 70.8% | 0.149% | ||||||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | 1.56% | 18.2% | ||||||||||||||
Montana | 1.96% | 56.5% | 4.73% | 1.30% | |||||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 0.322% | 99.6% | 0.281% | |||||||||||||
North Dakota | 25.0% | 35.7% | 38.6% | ||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 4.79% | 60.6% | 34.6% | ||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.591% | 25.1% | 6.85% | |||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 0.493% | 25.5% | 28.7% | 45.7% | ||||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 33.7% | 97.7% | 1.87% | |||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 1.22% | 98.8% | |||||||||||||
Saskatchewan | 7.13% | 4.36% | 15.3% | 6.27% | 23.7% | ||||||||||||
Mississippi | 0.461% | 80.4% | 0.601% | 11.5% | |||||||||||||
West Virginia | 99.3% | 0.714% | |||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 45.3% | 37.3% | 4.89% | 3.30% | |||||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 0.123% | 15.3% | 1.57% | 15.4% | 1.38% | 14.5% | 1.86% | 6.12% | ||||||||
Missouri | 5.80% | 47.7% | 11.5% | 24.4% | 9.83% | ||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 0.106% | 99.6% | ||||||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 7.83% | 2.03% | ||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 0.191% | 38.6% | 0.266% | 54.6% | ||||||||||||
Oregon | 4.58% | 2.26% | 3.46% | 4.92% | 49.2% | 17.6% | 0.416% | ||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 0.488% | 0.131% | 55.2% | 0.167% | ||||||||||||
Alabama | 0.174% | 52.2% | 32.1% | 10.6% | |||||||||||||
New Mexico | 9.01% | 8.20% | 2.38% | 17.5% | 42.2% | ||||||||||||
Kansas | 13.6% | 26.2% | 18.1% | 41.9% | |||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 42.1% | 16.2% | 35.1% | ||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.160% | 0.939% | 8.63% | 3.82% | 42.0% | 15.4% | ||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | 63.0% | 10.9% | ||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 15.3% | 62.4% | 37.3% | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | 6.81% | 62.7% | 37.3% | ||||||||||||||
Michigan | 26.5% | 66.0% | |||||||||||||||
Alberta | 11.4% | 3.76% | 18.2% | 32.1% | 8.32% | 2.17% | 3.59% | ||||||||||
Connecticut | 0.797% | 99.9% | |||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 1.35% | 83.5% | 10.2% | ||||||||||||||
Colorado | 3.69% | 14.3% | 3.67% | 9.04% | 16.4% | 46.7% | |||||||||||
Nevada | 0.846% | 77.8% | 0.958% | 0.158% | 10.3% | ||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 3.30% | 0.204% | 98.0% | |||||||||||||
Georgia | 2.72% | 50.4% | 4.39% | 36.4% | |||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 0.102% | 2.89% | 5.91% | 91.1% | ||||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 0.178% | 64.7% | 13.9% | 20.7% | ||||||||||||
Québec | 0.272% | 70.7% | 19.6% | ||||||||||||||
Manitoba | 1.61% | 4.56% | 6.78% | 4.33% | 51.3% | ||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 9.60% | 2.65% | 7.80% | 23.7% | 54.6% | ||||||||||||
Tennessee | 21.5% | 71.6% | 3.39% | ||||||||||||||
Ontario | 13.7% | 8.23% | 4.40% | 59.7% | 1.73% | ||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 0.156% | 1.53% | 8.91% | 2.60% | 8.90% | 3.94% | 0.295% | 0.750% | 14.0% | 3.26% | ||||||
Arkansas | 49.6% | 14.2% | 36.2% | ||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 4.24% | 4.28% | 9.35% | 8.75% | 73.3% | ||||||||||||
Ohio | 88.6% | 3.31% | |||||||||||||||
Indiana | 65.5% | 0.222% | 12.0% | ||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 7.33% | 24.3% | 29.3% | 39.1% | |||||||||||||
Iowa | 38.7% | 26.5% | 11.3% | 6.08% | |||||||||||||
Illinois | 0.557% | 94.5% | 0.407% | ||||||||||||||