Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Tropical Forests | Salt Marshes | Lowest hazard | Low hazard | Moderately low hazard | Moderate hazard | Moderately high hazard | High hazard | Highest hazard | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nunavut | 0.352% | |||||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | |||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.591% | ||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 1.22% | |||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 0.488% | ||||||||||||
Alaska | 0.318% | 2.85% | 1.92% | 2.33% | 38.6% | 2.01% | 5.60% | 5.27% | ||||||
Arizona | 6.30% | 79.1% | 4.42% | |||||||||||
Utah | 12.7% | 56.8% | 6.12% | 1.39% | ||||||||||
District of Columbia | 100% | |||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 1.15% | 1.33% | 87.3% | 10.9% | |||||||||
Idaho | 2.22% | 24.8% | 28.3% | 9.56% | ||||||||||
New Hampshire | 1.37% | 39.4% | 60.3% | |||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 2.01% | 93.7% | |||||||||||
Vermont | 81.9% | 18.1% | ||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 0.132% | 25.6% | 38.5% | 19.2% | 5.52% | 10.1% | |||||||
Wyoming | 5.20% | 20.2% | 63.6% | 8.78% | ||||||||||
Montana | 20.1% | 5.22% | 15.0% | 22.0% | 2.02% | |||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 0.322% | 63.3% | 7.54% | ||||||||||
North Dakota | 98.6% | 1.38% | ||||||||||||
Kentucky | 7.69% | 64.8% | 10.2% | 7.55% | 1.03% | 3.57% | ||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 0.493% | 1.50% | 39.8% | 49.9% | 5.34% | ||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 33.7% | 80.2% | 18.7% | ||||||||||
Mississippi | 0.461% | 46.6% | 33.2% | 16.6% | 3.37% | |||||||||
West Virginia | 66.8% | 33.2% | ||||||||||||
Nebraska | 33.8% | 2.42% | 1.45% | |||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 0.123% | 54.2% | 29.7% | 7.88% | |||||||||
Missouri | 8.53% | 41.8% | 23.6% | 11.8% | 7.42% | 1.26% | 5.55% | |||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 0.106% | 6.85% | 90.8% | 1.03% | |||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 7.50% | 6.67% | 9.71% | 4.93% | 52.2% | ||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 0.191% | 5.87% | 47.3% | 35.4% | 9.17% | 1.38% | |||||||
Oregon | 1.50% | 41.7% | 13.0% | 4.40% | 4.75% | |||||||||
Alabama | 0.174% | 2.82% | 40.6% | 43.3% | 7.23% | |||||||||
New Mexico | 7.73% | 4.90% | 54.5% | 8.67% | ||||||||||
Kansas | 42.9% | 9.98% | ||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 95.7% | 4.01% | ||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.160% | 2.06% | |||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 15.3% | 17.9% | 69.2% | 10.9% | |||||||||
South Carolina | 6.81% | 22.6% | 58.4% | 8.92% | 2.25% | 7.66% | ||||||||
Michigan | 74.0% | 24.1% | ||||||||||||
Connecticut | 0.797% | 98.9% | ||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 85.9% | 14.1% | ||||||||||||
Colorado | 5.33% | 26.1% | 34.0% | 32.6% | ||||||||||
Nevada | 6.24% | 61.7% | 15.9% | 6.20% | 1.29% | |||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 3.30% | 79.0% | 15.4% | ||||||||||
Georgia | 2.72% | 4.38% | 39.2% | 43.9% | 10.4% | 1.79% | ||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 0.102% | 31.8% | 35.5% | 13.6% | 7.01% | ||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 0.178% | 87.1% | 10.7% | ||||||||||
Oklahoma | 43.3% | 42.2% | 13.7% | |||||||||||
Tennessee | 28.9% | 15.6% | 11.5% | 1.92% | 8.15% | |||||||||
California | 0.110% | 0.156% | 3.21% | 9.22% | 1.48% | 1.10% | 28.4% | |||||||
Arkansas | 17.3% | 39.7% | 21.2% | 1.93% | 2.11% | 7.50% | ||||||||
South Dakota | 27.5% | 53.6% | 8.87% | |||||||||||
Ohio | 85.3% | 2.10% | 1.52% | |||||||||||
Indiana | 50.5% | 36.9% | 9.25% | 3.12% | ||||||||||
Minnesota | 99.1% | |||||||||||||
Iowa | 92.6% | 7.45% | ||||||||||||
Illinois | 52.5% | 18.5% | 13.6% | 11.9% | 1.07% | 1.91% | ||||||||
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