Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Tropical Forests | Salt Marshes | Specialty crop or livestock farming | Mixed farming | Commercial wheat and other small grain farming | Dairy farming | General farming | Livestock ranching | Irrigated agriculture | Mediterranean agriculture (with irrigation) | Nonfarming | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | |||||||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | |||||||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | |||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | |||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.160% | ||||||||||||||
Arizona | 55.8% | 1.74% | ||||||||||||||
Utah | 80.7% | 5.63% | 1.50% | |||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 93.5% | 6.49% | ||||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 1.15% | 1.33% | 52.7% | ||||||||||||
Idaho | 80.1% | 1.68% | 3.82% | |||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 1.37% | 94.9% | 5.10% | |||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 2.01% | 3.91% | |||||||||||||
Vermont | 99.4% | |||||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 0.132% | 2.54% | 6.88% | 28.9% | 1.54% | ||||||||||
Wyoming | 95.3% | 3.25% | ||||||||||||||
Montana | 13.8% | 79.9% | 1.03% | |||||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 0.322% | 11.2% | 78.0% | 10.3% | |||||||||||
North Dakota | 97.2% | 2.79% | ||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 4.50% | 95.5% | ||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.591% | 36.7% | 19.0% | ||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 0.493% | 1.66% | 7.48% | 37.3% | |||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 33.7% | 99.2% | |||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 1.22% | 98.5% | ||||||||||||
Saskatchewan | 44.8% | |||||||||||||||
Mississippi | 0.461% | 100% | ||||||||||||||
West Virginia | 2.88% | 97.1% | ||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 46.2% | 15.2% | 29.5% | 3.16% | 1.83% | |||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 0.123% | 45.6% | 41.0% | 1.75% | |||||||||||
Missouri | 12.6% | 41.5% | 45.8% | |||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 0.106% | 98.0% | 1.56% | ||||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 0.191% | 83.7% | 16.0% | ||||||||||||
Oregon | 10.4% | 1.98% | 53.5% | 1.61% | ||||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 0.488% | 4.59% | 69.9% | 15.9% | 9.03% | ||||||||||
Alabama | 0.174% | 100% | ||||||||||||||
New Mexico | 1.35% | 94.7% | 1.16% | |||||||||||||
Kansas | 20.9% | 64.6% | 5.63% | 8.39% | ||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 3.92% | 95.5% | ||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 15.3% | 65.3% | 34.4% | ||||||||||||
South Carolina | 6.81% | 99.9% | ||||||||||||||
Michigan | 5.98% | 64.0% | ||||||||||||||
Alberta | 14.2% | 16.7% | 1.37% | |||||||||||||
Connecticut | 0.797% | 99.9% | ||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 1.55% | 88.8% | 9.67% | |||||||||||||
Colorado | 17.8% | 67.2% | 9.64% | 3.65% | ||||||||||||
Nevada | 95.3% | |||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 3.30% | 98.2% | |||||||||||||
Georgia | 2.72% | 99.9% | ||||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 0.102% | 2.90% | 6.80% | ||||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 0.178% | 35.0% | 33.2% | 11.4% | |||||||||||
Québec | 1.00% | 1.28% | ||||||||||||||
Manitoba | 14.1% | 4.24% | ||||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 67.7% | 1.43% | 15.1% | 9.41% | 6.32% | |||||||||||
Tennessee | 42.6% | 57.4% | ||||||||||||||
Ontario | 1.82% | 8.82% | 2.80% | |||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 0.156% | 30.0% | 2.07% | 42.1% | 4.51% | ||||||||||
Arkansas | 74.6% | 7.82% | 2.70% | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 25.4% | 18.2% | 56.3% | |||||||||||||
Ohio | 12.6% | 39.3% | 48.1% | |||||||||||||
Indiana | 67.6% | 32.4% | ||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 17.0% | 7.67% | 56.4% | |||||||||||||
Iowa | 99.5% | |||||||||||||||
Illinois | 1.38% | 89.2% | 2.58% | 6.84% | ||||||||||||