Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Tropical Forests | Salt Marshes | Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence | Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence | Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence | Areas of Strong Tornado Occurrence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | ||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | ||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | ||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | ||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 2.01% | |||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 0.322% | |||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.591% | |||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 1.22% | ||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 0.488% | |||||||||
Connecticut | 0.797% | ||||||||||
Arizona | 5 | 1 | |||||||||
Utah | 2 | ||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 1.15% | 1.33% | 31 | 6 | ||||||
Idaho | 1 | ||||||||||
New Hampshire | 1.37% | 2 | |||||||||
Vermont | 1 | ||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 0.132% | 1 | ||||||||
Wyoming | 15 | 3 | |||||||||
Montana | 8 | 4 | |||||||||
North Dakota | 38 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||
Kentucky | 87 | 26 | 2 | ||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 0.493% | 28 | 8 | |||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 33.7% | 3 | ||||||||
Saskatchewan | 7 | ||||||||||
Mississippi | 0.461% | 162 | 45 | 7 | 2 | ||||||
West Virginia | 4 | ||||||||||
Nebraska | 67 | 13 | 7 | ||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 0.123% | 193 | 46 | 7 | ||||||
Missouri | 95 | 36 | 7 | 1 | |||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 0.106% | 93 | 15 | 2 | ||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 0.191% | 54 | 12 | |||||||
Oregon | 2 | ||||||||||
Alabama | 0.174% | 149 | 34 | 13 | 2 | ||||||
New Mexico | 7 | ||||||||||
Kansas | 82 | 56 | 10 | 1 | |||||||
Wisconsin | 32 | 11 | |||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.160% | 1 | ||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 15.3% | 2 | 1 | |||||||
South Carolina | 6.81% | 46 | 15 | 1 | |||||||
Michigan | 20 | 3 | |||||||||
Alberta | 9 | ||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 31 | 3 | |||||||||
Colorado | 25 | 3 | |||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 3.30% | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Georgia | 2.72% | 90 | 31 | 4 | |||||||
New York | 0.105% | 0.102% | 17 | 1 | |||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 0.178% | 8 | 1 | |||||||
Québec | 30 | 1 | |||||||||
Manitoba | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Oklahoma | 104 | 29 | 8 | 2 | |||||||
Tennessee | 82 | 27 | 8 | ||||||||
Ontario | 46 | 1 | |||||||||
California | 0.110% | 0.156% | 3 | ||||||||
Arkansas | 105 | 23 | 4 | ||||||||
South Dakota | 47 | 7 | 4 | ||||||||
Ohio | 42 | 7 | 3 | ||||||||
Indiana | 58 | 18 | 1 | ||||||||
Minnesota | 60 | 11 | 4 | ||||||||
Iowa | 86 | 17 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Illinois | 108 | 21 | 6 | ||||||||