Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Tropical Forests | Salt Marshes | -36 to -41°C | -30 to -35°C | -24 to -29°C | -18 to -23°C | -12 to -17°C | -6 to -11°C | 0 to -5°C | 0 to 2°C | 3 to 5°C | 6 to 8°C | 9 to 11°C | 12 to 14°C | 15 to 17°C | 18 to 20°C | 21 to 23°C | 24 to 26°C | 27 to 29°C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | 4.14% | 19.4% | 2.91% | 13.5% | 11.9% | 12.4% | 6.96% | ||||||||||||||||
Arizona | 63.7% | 16.9% | 13.2% | 6.14% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Utah | 15.1% | 39.1% | 45.8% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Yukon | 26.4% | 4.60% | 24.7% | 3.80% | 3.54% | 1.78% | ||||||||||||||||||
Northwest Territories | 27.1% | 49.9% | 2.58% | |||||||||||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 100% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 1.15% | 1.33% | 20.1% | 39.4% | 30.7% | 9.78% | |||||||||||||||||
Idaho | 0.440% | 34.0% | 65.6% | |||||||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 1.37% | 93.5% | 6.50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 2.01% | 93.5% | 6.49% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | 100% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 0.132% | 9.70% | 53.6% | 25.1% | 5.57% | ||||||||||||||||||
Wyoming | 9.25% | 90.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | 14.7% | 66.6% | 0.420% | 1.37% | |||||||||||||||||||
Montana | 1.24% | 53.7% | 45.1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 0.322% | 100% | |||||||||||||||||||||
North Dakota | 67.8% | 32.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 3.98% | 72.3% | 23.7% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.591% | 99.8% | 0.194% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 0.493% | 12.9% | 48.0% | 38.9% | 0.245% | ||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 33.7% | 24.9% | 75.1% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 1.22% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Saskatchewan | 0.279% | 31.2% | 42.1% | 21.7% | 4.75% | |||||||||||||||||||
Mississippi | 0.461% | 29.1% | 35.4% | 27.5% | 7.96% | |||||||||||||||||||
West Virginia | 36.9% | 53.4% | 9.77% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 32.3% | 67.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 0.123% | 1.48% | 6.87% | 22.7% | 25.0% | 15.8% | 1.41% | 4.06% | 0.104% | ||||||||||||||
Missouri | 69.8% | 29.5% | 0.792% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 0.106% | 0.665% | 34.5% | 22.6% | 37.7% | 4.58% | |||||||||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 84.2% | 8.69% | 7.14% | ||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 0.191% | 1.71% | 72.8% | 19.9% | 5.62% | ||||||||||||||||||
Oregon | 52.9% | 32.7% | 14.2% | 0.250% | ||||||||||||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 0.488% | 78.3% | 21.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | 0.174% | 33.1% | 36.7% | 25.2% | 5.07% | |||||||||||||||||||
New Mexico | 3.19% | 15.3% | 80.1% | 1.37% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Kansas | 99.7% | 0.331% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 18.8% | 81.0% | 0.123% | |||||||||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.160% | 27.1% | 26.4% | 14.3% | 6.93% | 5.96% | 10.6% | ||||||||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | 9.16% | 42.2% | 27.3% | 21.4% | |||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 15.3% | 46.3% | 25.6% | 15.9% | |||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | 6.81% | 60.1% | 12.4% | 19.1% | 0.478% | |||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | 0.404% | 48.1% | 51.4% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Alberta | 7.90% | 39.3% | 37.4% | 15.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | 0.797% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 98.7% | 1.31% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Colorado | 75.2% | 23.6% | 1.15% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nevada | 21.8% | 76.9% | 1.30% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 3.30% | 13.0% | 77.9% | 8.87% | 0.220% | ||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | 2.72% | 37.3% | 21.9% | 20.3% | 18.8% | 1.69% | ||||||||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 0.102% | 49.4% | 49.5% | 1.10% | |||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 0.178% | 31.9% | 41.0% | 27.1% | |||||||||||||||||||
Québec | 33.6% | 27.0% | 31.0% | 2.13% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Manitoba | 8.60% | 55.2% | 33.8% | 2.43% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 16.6% | 47.2% | 36.2% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | 10.1% | 89.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ontario | 21.0% | 41.9% | 23.3% | 8.50% | 2.99% | |||||||||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 0.156% | 0.354% | 39.0% | 24.3% | 6.83% | 9.77% | |||||||||||||||||
Arkansas | 9.93% | 84.7% | 5.34% | |||||||||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 0.737% | 99.0% | 0.300% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | 96.2% | 3.78% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | 92.4% | 7.63% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 2.35% | 65.6% | 32.1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Iowa | 70.3% | 29.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | 9.02% | 83.5% | 7.52% | |||||||||||||||||||||