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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

OceansPhysical Environment

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

NOAA

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

Major Landforms

-0.25 to 0.25

0.75 to 1.0

1.0 to 1.25

1.25 to 1.5

1.5 to 1.75

Caledonian and Hercynian (or Appalachian) remnants

Isolated volcanic areas

Alpine system

Sedimentary covers

Laurasian shields

Alaska
0.318%98.0%
Arizona
100%
Utah
100%
Yukon
99.8%0.165%
Northwest Territories
5.87%7.69%49.6%35.7%
District of Columbia
100%
Florida
0.596%98.5%
Idaho
100%
New Hampshire
100%
Rhode Island
4.64%93.3%
Vermont
92.0%8.01%
Washington
0.513%99.0%
Wyoming
56.0%44.0%
Nunavut
0.352%23.2%20.4%53.5%
Montana
37.5%62.5%
Maine
0.133%99.1%
North Dakota
96.7%3.34%
Kentucky
100%
Nova Scotia
0.847%93.9%
Virginia
0.126%69.9%29.1%
Delaware
0.762%16.5%77.6%
Prince Edward Island
1.25%0.264%66.2%
Saskatchewan
58.9%41.1%
Mississippi
99.9%
West Virginia
13.2%86.8%
Nebraska
100%
Texas
0.183%6.01%93.7%
Missouri
1.58%98.4%
Louisiana
0.184%98.5%
Hawaii
1.74%1.20%0.113%0.444%2.10%76.7%
North Carolina
0.319%57.9%40.5%
Oregon
99.9%
New Brunswick
0.522%99.0%
Alabama
31.4%68.5%
New Mexico
77.9%22.1%
Kansas
100%
Wisconsin
62.0%38.0%
British Columbia
0.126%94.9%4.13%
Newfoundland and Labrador
0.392%24.3%74.2%
New Jersey
0.329%68.7%27.2%
South Carolina
57.0%42.9%
Michigan
87.8%12.2%
Alberta
6.99%87.8%5.22%
Connecticut
100%
Pennsylvania
26.2%73.8%
Colorado
64.2%35.8%
Nevada
100%
Massachusetts
1.78%93.6%
Georgia
45.5%54.4%
New York
0.105%43.3%55.9%
Maryland
0.874%48.7%48.4%
Québec
3.44%1.99%94.2%
Manitoba
30.3%69.6%
Oklahoma
10.9%89.1%
Tennessee
16.8%83.2%
Ontario
30.7%69.2%
California
0.110%99.7%
Arkansas
11.0%89.0%
South Dakota
8.10%79.3%12.6%
Ohio
100%
Indiana
100%
Minnesota
17.0%83.0%
Iowa
99.0%1.02%
Illinois
100%
0.16.0