Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | Less than 20°F | 20–29°F | 30–39°F | 40–49°F | 50–54°F | 55–59°F | Cold Front | Tropical Cyclone Zones | No data | Arid and low water use | Low (<10%) | Low-medium (10-20%) | Medium-high (20-40%) | High (40-80%) | Extremely high (>80%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | 0.132% | 87.9% | 0.193% | 0.154% | 1.32% | ||||||||||||||
Arizona | 32.8% | 60.8% | 2.30% | 3.34% | 9.37% | 6.97% | 0.448% | 4.52% | ||||||||||||
Utah | 93.9% | 5.41% | 5.42% | 20.8% | 13.7% | 0.313% | 0.420% | 49.5% | ||||||||||||
Yukon | 0.923% | 99.0% | ||||||||||||||||||
Northwest Territories | 0.342% | 3.62% | ||||||||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 100% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 14.7% | 56.6% | 21.0% | 7.07% | 3.68% | 2.91% | 10.4% | 12.0% | 0.279% | 0.266% | 0.590% | ||||||||
Idaho | 84.3% | 6.93% | 0.772% | 13.8% | 28.4% | 8.83% | 44.9% | |||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 100% | 17.2% | 33.7% | 40.5% | 8.46% | |||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 3.92% | 0.183% | 86.5% | 6.09% | |||||||||||||||
Vermont | 99.7% | 7.27% | 88.3% | 4.41% | ||||||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 29.2% | 45.9% | 22.8% | 72.6% | 3.37% | 5.42% | 0.287% | 6.53% | |||||||||||
Wyoming | 100% | 21.7% | 0.541% | 70.3% | ||||||||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | 0.979% | 18.2% | |||||||||||||||||
Montana | 99.9% | 28.7% | 2.60% | 14.6% | 5.24% | 35.2% | ||||||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 99.5% | 94.9% | 2.65% | 0.228% | 0.817% | ||||||||||||||
North Dakota | 100% | 7.38% | 3.22% | 4.45% | 0.249% | 9.67% | 36.7% | |||||||||||||
Kentucky | 3.74% | 91.2% | 76.6% | 17.7% | 5.68% | |||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 0.182% | 80.1% | |||||||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 20.5% | 1.66% | 11.9% | 0.775% | 16.4% | 1.64% | |||||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 99.1% | 0.105% | 37.7% | 61.1% | |||||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 98.5% | |||||||||||||||||
Saskatchewan | 4.25% | 59.9% | 2.62% | 2.54% | 2.67% | 0.868% | ||||||||||||||
Mississippi | 21.7% | 78.0% | 0.303% | 74.5% | 1.57% | 23.9% | ||||||||||||||
West Virginia | 67.8% | 31.4% | 63.6% | 17.6% | 14.6% | |||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 100% | 2.25% | 0.605% | 3.54% | 22.3% | 73.5% | ||||||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 10.9% | 44.9% | 29.3% | 14.1% | 4.07% | 3.41% | 2.84% | 1.94% | 22.5% | 2.71% | |||||||||
Missouri | 80.4% | 18.4% | 45.5% | 14.9% | 0.131% | 5.37% | ||||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 61.7% | 37.9% | 2.07% | 54.5% | 20.6% | 5.75% | |||||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 7.82% | ||||||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 84.2% | 3.43% | 0.888% | 0.116% | 12.2% | 54.7% | 3.14% | 0.982% | |||||||||||
Oregon | 27.3% | 19.8% | 23.7% | 14.3% | 48.2% | 11.8% | 4.82% | 0.772% | 0.847% | |||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 99.5% | ||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | 29.3% | 1.30% | 92.6% | 5.45% | 0.987% | |||||||||||||||
New Mexico | 81.8% | 1.03% | 30.3% | 0.128% | 7.32% | 21.7% | ||||||||||||||
Kansas | 96.6% | 3.36% | 5.13% | 0.176% | 1.82% | 13.8% | 68.4% | |||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 99.5% | 5.67% | 25.0% | 40.8% | 9.68% | |||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 92.0% | 1.55% | 0.285% | ||||||||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | 74.5% | ||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 73.8% | 25.8% | 0.162% | 3.07% | 94.0% | 1.76% | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | 41.6% | 58.3% | 0.748% | 24.6% | 36.2% | |||||||||||||||
Michigan | 98.1% | 56.0% | 3.00% | 4.63% | 9.70% | |||||||||||||||
Alberta | 3.52% | 56.8% | 0.267% | 4.01% | 3.67% | 11.4% | ||||||||||||||
Connecticut | 99.9% | 0.460% | 29.6% | 24.9% | 23.8% | 1.35% | ||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 99.4% | 1.42% | 27.8% | 49.9% | 3.96% | |||||||||||||||
Colorado | 100% | 5.40% | 0.795% | 9.40% | 85.2% | |||||||||||||||
Nevada | 73.6% | 6.36% | 8.21% | 0.731% | 1.40% | 0.413% | 2.80% | 24.0% | ||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 98.2% | 0.220% | 0.206% | 0.166% | 33.6% | 8.30% | 30.7% | ||||||||||||
Georgia | 26.7% | 54.5% | 18.7% | 8.71% | 47.0% | 37.9% | ||||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 96.9% | 25.4% | 5.89% | 56.3% | 5.19% | 0.401% | |||||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 34.3% | 32.0% | 0.151% | 4.45% | 64.3% | 1.05% | 8.49% | ||||||||||||
Québec | 99.1% | 0.240% | ||||||||||||||||||
Manitoba | 0.656% | 83.1% | 11.7% | 2.04% | 1.39% | |||||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 17.8% | 81.3% | 11.4% | 5.60% | 4.28% | 17.9% | 30.0% | |||||||||||||
Tennessee | 100% | 90.1% | 5.50% | |||||||||||||||||
Ontario | 1.22% | 97.2% | 1.67% | 1.13% | ||||||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 10.8% | 23.3% | 1.46% | 0.688% | 12.5% | 0.232% | 17.8% | 2.26% | 1.00% | ||||||||||
Arkansas | 79.0% | 21.0% | 12.6% | 46.8% | 33.2% | 6.01% | ||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 100% | 32.7% | 3.47% | 37.3% | 22.0% | |||||||||||||||
Ohio | 96.3% | 3.50% | 3.42% | 0.721% | 29.0% | |||||||||||||||
Indiana | 92.1% | 7.40% | 0.434% | 1.19% | 8.61% | 4.78% | ||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 100% | 6.20% | 21.0% | 3.81% | 13.1% | 23.4% | 22.0% | |||||||||||||
Iowa | 100% | 3.53% | 26.6% | 12.5% | 44.0% | 16.3% | 0.628% | |||||||||||||
Illinois | 94.0% | 5.95% | 30.9% | 0.187% | 44.1% | 9.75% |