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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

OceansPhysical Environment

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

NOAA

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

Average Distribution of Dew Point Temperatures, January

Cold Front

Global Surface Warming: Worst-Case Projections (NASA)

-0.25 to 0.25

0.75 to 1.0

1.0 to 1.25

1.25 to 1.5

1.5 to 1.75

Less than 20°F

20–29°F

30–39°F

40–49°F

50–54°F

55–59°F

Cold Front

2 to 2.5

2.5 to 3

3 to 3.5

3.5 to 4

4 to 4.5

4.5 to 5

5 to 5.5

5.5 to 6

6 to 6.5

6.5 to 7

7 to 7.5

Alaska
0.318%0.364%0.102%17.0%18.9%20.0%17.3%13.9%6.85%0.304%
Arizona
32.8%60.8%2.30%3.51%69.2%27.3%
Utah
93.9%5.41%5.42%100%
Yukon
36.2%38.5%16.4%5.02%3.91%
Northwest Territories
9.87%22.1%27.7%18.5%4.31%15.6%1.77%
District of Columbia
100%100%
Florida
0.596%14.7%56.6%21.0%7.07%3.68%15.0%82.2%2.85%
Idaho
84.3%6.93%48.1%51.9%
New Hampshire
100%23.7%76.3%
Rhode Island
4.64%3.92%100%
Vermont
99.7%95.9%4.15%
Washington
0.513%29.2%45.9%22.8%6.09%55.9%38.0%
Wyoming
100%3.26%96.7%
Nunavut
0.352%1.46%4.55%27.5%0.150%19.2%5.07%
Montana
99.9%89.8%10.2%
Maine
0.133%99.5%16.2%71.2%12.7%
North Dakota
100%100%
Kentucky
3.74%91.2%100%
Nova Scotia
0.847%0.194%99.8%
Virginia
0.126%20.5%1.66%63.0%37.0%
Delaware
0.762%99.1%100%
Prince Edward Island
1.25%0.264%85.1%14.9%
Saskatchewan
31.5%61.8%6.66%
Mississippi
21.7%78.0%1.91%52.1%46.0%
West Virginia
67.8%31.4%100%
Nebraska
100%2.25%100%
Texas
0.183%10.9%44.9%29.3%14.1%1.45%25.6%56.1%16.9%
Missouri
80.4%18.4%20.7%79.3%
Louisiana
0.184%61.7%37.9%21.5%63.6%14.9%
Hawaii
1.74%1.20%0.113%0.444%2.10%4.46%95.5%
North Carolina
0.319%84.2%3.43%3.74%93.9%
Oregon
27.3%19.8%23.7%19.6%27.0%52.7%0.664%
New Brunswick
0.522%20.6%69.3%10.1%
Alabama
29.3%1.30%2.92%87.2%9.85%
New Mexico
81.8%1.03%21.3%78.7%
Kansas
96.6%3.36%5.13%100%
Wisconsin
99.5%100%
British Columbia
0.126%1.18%10.9%80.5%7.40%
Newfoundland and Labrador
0.392%9.26%24.1%25.5%41.2%
New Jersey
0.329%73.8%25.8%99.9%
South Carolina
41.6%58.3%12.4%87.6%
Michigan
98.1%100%
Alberta
21.6%71.0%7.43%
Connecticut
99.9%100%
Pennsylvania
99.4%10.3%76.9%12.8%
Colorado
100%5.40%100%
Nevada
73.6%6.36%55.5%44.5%
Massachusetts
1.78%98.2%0.220%0.204%88.4%11.2%
Georgia
26.7%54.5%18.7%17.7%82.3%
New York
0.105%96.9%8.25%44.4%47.4%
Maryland
0.874%34.3%32.0%77.2%22.8%
Québec
0.462%6.48%44.1%28.1%20.7%0.145%
Manitoba
43.2%44.5%12.3%
Oklahoma
17.8%81.3%28.9%71.1%
Tennessee
100%26.0%74.0%
Ontario
1.22%48.4%40.0%11.6%
California
0.110%10.8%23.3%1.46%0.147%33.8%21.5%35.5%
Arkansas
79.0%21.0%98.0%2.00%
South Dakota
100%100%
Ohio
96.3%3.50%67.4%32.6%
Indiana
92.1%7.40%53.3%46.7%
Minnesota
100%6.20%100%
Iowa
100%3.53%100%
Illinois
94.0%5.95%18.1%81.9%
0.16.0