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Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño

OceansPhysical Environment

A composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.

NOAA

Sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.

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Display by:	Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño					Vegetable Production			Days with Heavy Fog						European Settlement Expansion
	-0.25 to 0.25	0.75 to 1.0	1.0 to 1.25	1.25 to 1.5	1.5 to 1.75	Class	Rank	Acres	80 and over	60–79	40–59	20–39	10–19	Under 10	Settled 1750–1850	Settled by 1750	Settled by 1910
Hawaii	1.74%	1.20%	0.113%	0.444%	2.10%		45	8.58e+3
Alaska	0.318%						58	1.02e+3		6.62%	7.64%	17.8%	57.5%
Yukon							61	47.0			3.45%	13.9%	65.1%
Northwest Territories							62	8.00		3.09%	1.14%	3.45%	47.1%
Nunavut	0.352%						64	0.00	1.04%	4.62%	1.22%	8.60%
Arizona							11	1.45e+5					2.54%	96.8%			1.44%
Utah							50	6.69e+3				1.95%	15.8%	45.3%	4.68%		30.1%
District of Columbia							63	0.00				100%				100%
Florida	0.596%						5	2.45e+5			8.74%	57.3%	9.83%	7.67%	35.0%	1.81%	44.5%
Idaho							2	3.54e+5			9.77%	63.1%	27.1%				17.6%
New Hampshire							52	3.70e+3	28.4%	64.3%	7.25%				68.1%	28.3%	3.60%
Rhode Island	4.64%						56	2.24e+3				3.92%				2.94%
Vermont							53	3.45e+3	1.65%	12.1%	42.6%	43.7%			97.2%	2.78%
Washington	0.513%						3	3.26e+5	20.4%	5.93%	1.84%	17.3%	5.92%		1.36%		26.5%
Wyoming							60	617				2.07%	11.7%	45.2%			7.05%
Montana							41	1.18e+4			1.56%	17.8%	43.0%	4.26%			22.9%
Maine	0.133%						20	6.22e+4	3.20%	27.6%	26.2%	34.9%			60.5%	4.65%	34.3%
North Dakota							18	7.90e+4				14.3%	63.3%	22.4%			97.5%
Kentucky							44	8.96e+3			2.26%	32.1%	60.8%	2.77%	100%
Nova Scotia	0.847%						48	7.42e+3	40.0%	23.3%	11.3%				13.9%	5.00%
Virginia	0.126%						36	2.27e+4	1.87%	19.6%	15.2%	57.7%			27.6%	72.3%
Delaware	0.762%						29	3.36e+4				99.2%				99.6%
Prince Edward Island	1.25%		0.264%				16	8.89e+4			98.5%					21.9%
Saskatchewan							46	7.74e+3				21.2%	57.2%	2.16%			19.8%
Mississippi							27	3.68e+4				47.6%	47.1%	5.25%	98.9%
West Virginia							55	2.65e+3	22.5%	34.5%	28.5%	7.08%	2.75%		93.8%	6.16%
Nebraska							34	2.33e+4					96.2%	2.94%			84.7%
Texas	0.183%						15	1.02e+5				16.5%	58.3%	13.3%	22.3%		1.00%
Missouri							39	1.85e+4				1.28%	85.3%	13.4%	98.8%	1.13%
Louisiana	0.184%						40	1.29e+4			35.0%	4.64%	13.3%		80.3%	9.57%	5.23%
North Carolina	0.319%						9	1.55e+5	5.96%	9.63%	5.85%	77.5%			58.0%	5.50%
Oregon							10	1.54e+5	15.6%	12.0%	7.32%	33.9%	13.8%		2.57%		45.6%
New Brunswick	0.522%						23	4.87e+4	5.70%	12.5%	20.7%	57.3%			65.9%	3.53%
Alabama							37	1.97e+4				49.9%	33.2%	16.7%	98.2%	1.78%
New Mexico							32	2.80e+4				4.55%	9.09%	66.0%	7.36%	6.25%	57.8%
Kansas							51	6.38e+3				30.5%	69.5%				99.9%
Wisconsin							4	2.51e+5			13.3%	86.2%			2.94%		82.7%
British Columbia	0.126%						35	2.30e+4		1.13%	3.58%	2.65%	43.4%				1.58%
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.392%						57	1.39e+3	1.73%	3.63%	6.73%	4.58%	35.7%			1.24%
New Jersey	0.329%						25	4.78e+4				99.7%			1.38%	98.3%
South Carolina							30	3.03e+4		2.79%	2.88%	93.3%			49.6%	50.3%
Michigan							8	1.66e+5			2.85%	57.7%	12.0%		31.3%		37.6%
Alberta							21	6.17e+4				74.4%	24.2%				11.0%
Connecticut							43	9.25e+3				99.9%				99.9%
Pennsylvania							24	4.81e+4		2.54%	1.92%	2.00%	14.5%		82.4%	17.6%
Colorado							17	7.93e+4				26.0%	31.5%	18.2%			88.3%
Nevada							54	3.20e+3					23.7%	75.4%			13.0%
Massachusetts	1.78%						38	1.90e+4		1.97%	34.1%	56.1%			10.9%	87.0%
Georgia							14	1.09e+5		2.98%	18.3%	1.23%	1.85%		90.2%	4.67%	5.08%
New York	0.105%						13	1.25e+5			18.3%	2.90%	24.6%		83.0%	2.86%	3.57%
Maryland	0.874%						31	2.93e+4	1.39%	5.84%	3.51%	88.4%			11.6%	87.5%
Québec							12	1.34e+5		5.65%	14.9%	18.6%	28.5%		3.95%
Manitoba							19	6.88e+4				7.19%	44.3%				7.10%
Oklahoma							49	6.86e+3				10.5%	89.5%				100%
Tennessee							33	2.77e+4	1.87%	4.65%	8.06%	27.0%	56.0%	2.41%	100%
Ontario							7	1.70e+5		3.62%	1.52%	32.9%	7.70%		9.16%		1.76%
California	0.110%						1	1.17e+6		6.15%	4.08%	11.9%	8.83%	18.7%	1.21%		26.0%
Arkansas							42	1.11e+4				13.3%	86.7%		100%
South Dakota							59	830					99.1%				82.4%
Ohio							28	3.53e+4			2.15%	35.4%	56.5%		100%
Indiana							26	4.01e+4				4.86%	88.4%		100%
Minnesota							6	2.12e+5			8.70%	33.6%	57.6%		2.69%		91.1%
Iowa							47	7.70e+3				29.7%	70.3%		45.5%		54.5%
Illinois							22	6.14e+4				12.2%	77.2%	10.6%	98.6%	1.40%

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