Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | African American, Protestant | Hispanic, Catholic | Hispanic, Evangelical Protestant | Native American, Catholic | Non-Hispanic White, Catholic | Non-Hispanic White, Evangelical Protestant | Non-Hispanic White, Mainline Protestant | Non-Hispanic White, Mormon | Other | Mangrove swamps | |
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Nunavut | 0.352% | ||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | ||||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | |||||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | ||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | ||||||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | ||||||||||||||
Alaska | 0.318% | 2.89% | 4.07% | 1.15% | 27.0% | ||||||||||
Arizona | 4.74% | 9.93% | 11.9% | 7.14% | 8.87% | ||||||||||
Utah | 2.76% | 9.08% | |||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 92.6% | 7.35% | |||||||||||||
Idaho | 10.4% | 3.11% | 3.14% | ||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 10.2% | ||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 30.9% | |||||||||||||
Vermont | 10.4% | 7.07% | |||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 1.85% | 2.82% | 2.62% | 3.50% | 2.85% | |||||||||
Wyoming | 2.66% | 9.42% | 4.36% | 10.5% | |||||||||||
Montana | 1.65% | 1.27% | 2.22% | 3.31% | 1.16% | ||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 12.8% | 2.21% | ||||||||||||
North Dakota | 1.54% | 2.00% | 1.59% | 1.43% | |||||||||||
Kentucky | 1.13% | ||||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 1.23% | 1.33% | 1.11% | 1.20% | ||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 21.0% | |||||||||||||
Mississippi | 1.38% | 1.04% | |||||||||||||
West Virginia | 2.31% | 1.67% | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 3.31% | 1.02% | 1.09% | ||||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 1.71% | 2.27% | ||||||||||||
Missouri | 1.23% | ||||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 1.34% | 1.26% | 1.66% | |||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 1.09% | 1.15% | 1.35% | 1.86% | ||||||||||
Oregon | 10.1% | 5.13% | 1.28% | ||||||||||||
Alabama | 1.38% | 1.31% | |||||||||||||
New Mexico | 2.37% | 4.93% | 4.54% | 5.33% | 1.14% | ||||||||||
Kansas | 1.59% | 1.06% | 1.11% | 1.13% | |||||||||||
Wisconsin | 1.13% | 1.01% | 1.01% | ||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 1.33% | 4.27% | 1.78% | |||||||||||
South Carolina | 1.61% | 3.92% | 2.12% | 1.29% | |||||||||||
Michigan | 1.98% | 1.38% | 1.18% | ||||||||||||
Connecticut | 11.4% | ||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 1.25% | 2.14% | 1.14% | ||||||||||||
Colorado | 1.14% | 1.23% | 2.13% | 2.47% | 3.13% | ||||||||||
Nevada | 1.83% | 5.03% | 9.36% | ||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 6.37% | |||||||||||||
Georgia | 1.41% | 1.08% | |||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 2.66% | 2.10% | 1.83% | |||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 4.85% | 4.56% | 3.79% | 4.66% | ||||||||||
Oklahoma | 1.57% | 1.28% | |||||||||||||
Tennessee | 1.79% | 1.64% | |||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 12.3% | 1.15% | 2.11% | |||||||||||
Arkansas | 1.24% | 1.70% | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 3.35% | 1.35% | 2.05% | 2.19% | 3.25% | ||||||||||
Ohio | 1.12% | 1.02% | 1.00% | ||||||||||||
Indiana | 1.07% | 1.32% | 1.13% | ||||||||||||
Minnesota | 3.74% | 1.16% | 1.86% | ||||||||||||
Iowa | 1.78% | 1.29% | 1.02% | ||||||||||||
Illinois | 1.74% | 1.35% | 1.43% | ||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 3.30% | 2.06% | 3.46% | 1.18% | 0.458% | |||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 8.75% | 8.50% | 0.622% |