Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies: El Niño
OceansPhysical EnvironmentA composite of sea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño from November to March during the following years: 1958, 1966, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, and 1998. When sea-surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise well above normal, it is known as an El Niño event.
NOAASea-surface temperature anomalies during El Niño. The most intense warming (2 to 2.25 degrees Celsius, dark brown) occurs off the coast of South America. Cooler areas (negative 2.25 to negative 2 degrees Celsius, dark blue) are in the Arctic Ocean.
-0.25 to 0.25 | 0.75 to 1.0 | 1.0 to 1.25 | 1.25 to 1.5 | 1.5 to 1.75 | African American, Protestant | Hispanic, Catholic | Hispanic, Evangelical Protestant | Native American, Catholic | Non-Hispanic White, Catholic | Non-Hispanic White, Evangelical Protestant | Non-Hispanic White, Mainline Protestant | Non-Hispanic White, Mormon | Other | No Data | Very Low | Low | Moderately Low | Moderate | Moderately High | High | Very High | Extremely High | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | 0.318% | 2.89% | 4.07% | 1.15% | 27.0% | 0.220% | 0.183% | 1.08% | 0.155% | 0.137% | 1.29% | 0.106% | |||||||||||
Arizona | 4.74% | 9.93% | 11.9% | 7.14% | 8.87% | 0.139% | 10.8% | ||||||||||||||||
Utah | 2.76% | 9.08% | 0.376% | 0.196% | 39.2% | ||||||||||||||||||
Yukon | 0.795% | 1.20% | 10.9% | 14.8% | 9.73% | ||||||||||||||||||
Northwest Territories | 1.90% | 10.9% | 5.41% | 21.2% | 8.33% | 0.275% | 0.935% | ||||||||||||||||
District of Columbia | 92.6% | 7.35% | 100% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 0.596% | 3.30% | 2.06% | 3.46% | 1.18% | 0.355% | 80.3% | ||||||||||||||||
Idaho | 10.4% | 3.11% | 3.14% | 0.401% | 1.00% | 8.30% | |||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 10.2% | 80.8% | 16.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 4.64% | 30.9% | 94.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | 10.4% | 7.07% | 0.314% | 1.37% | |||||||||||||||||||
Washington | 0.513% | 1.85% | 2.82% | 2.62% | 3.50% | 2.85% | 8.97% | 9.78% | 0.487% | 0.874% | |||||||||||||
Wyoming | 2.66% | 9.42% | 4.36% | 10.5% | 0.273% | 44.8% | 4.05% | ||||||||||||||||
Nunavut | 0.352% | 0.968% | 0.100% | 0.238% | 3.40% | ||||||||||||||||||
Montana | 1.65% | 1.27% | 2.22% | 3.31% | 1.16% | 0.729% | 0.291% | 1.69% | |||||||||||||||
Maine | 0.133% | 12.8% | 2.21% | 82.9% | 16.3% | ||||||||||||||||||
North Dakota | 1.54% | 2.00% | 1.59% | 1.43% | 9.96% | ||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 1.13% | 0.803% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nova Scotia | 0.847% | 4.31% | 0.376% | 7.89% | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | 0.126% | 1.23% | 1.33% | 1.11% | 1.20% | 6.11% | |||||||||||||||||
Delaware | 0.762% | 21.0% | 21.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Edward Island | 1.25% | 0.264% | 91.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Saskatchewan | 0.919% | 28.6% | 8.52% | 1.02% | 0.695% | ||||||||||||||||||
Mississippi | 1.38% | 1.04% | 18.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||
West Virginia | 2.31% | 1.67% | 21.1% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 3.31% | 1.02% | 1.09% | 29.9% | 30.0% | ||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 0.183% | 1.71% | 2.27% | 0.168% | 8.05% | ||||||||||||||||||
Missouri | 1.23% | 5.67% | |||||||||||||||||||||
Louisiana | 0.184% | 1.34% | 1.26% | 1.66% | 0.187% | ||||||||||||||||||
Hawaii | 1.74% | 1.20% | 0.113% | 0.444% | 2.10% | 8.75% | 8.50% | 0.296% | 0.586% | 1.76% | 0.911% | ||||||||||||
North Carolina | 0.319% | 1.09% | 1.15% | 1.35% | 1.86% | 42.1% | |||||||||||||||||
Oregon | 10.1% | 5.13% | 1.28% | 11.5% | 0.302% | 25.8% | 0.243% | ||||||||||||||||
New Brunswick | 0.522% | 3.39% | 0.324% | 35.6% | |||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | 1.38% | 1.31% | 17.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||
New Mexico | 2.37% | 4.93% | 4.54% | 5.33% | 1.14% | 3.80% | 24.3% | ||||||||||||||||
Kansas | 1.59% | 1.06% | 1.11% | 1.13% | 12.6% | 48.2% | |||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 1.13% | 1.01% | 1.01% | 0.259% | 0.247% | ||||||||||||||||||
British Columbia | 0.126% | 0.147% | 1.12% | 0.594% | 2.88% | 2.80% | 3.66% | 10.6% | |||||||||||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.392% | 5.13% | 0.109% | 0.201% | 1.56% | ||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 0.329% | 1.33% | 4.27% | 1.78% | 1.93% | 0.357% | |||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | 1.61% | 3.92% | 2.12% | 1.29% | 58.8% | ||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | 1.98% | 1.38% | 1.18% | 1.39% | 0.144% | ||||||||||||||||||
Alberta | 0.424% | 0.728% | 1.52% | 10.5% | 0.222% | 1.32% | 0.431% | ||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | 11.4% | 14.6% | 85.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 1.25% | 2.14% | 1.14% | 33.7% | 0.565% | ||||||||||||||||||
Colorado | 1.14% | 1.23% | 2.13% | 2.47% | 3.13% | 17.7% | 35.7% | ||||||||||||||||
Nevada | 1.83% | 5.03% | 9.36% | 0.344% | 12.9% | 76.5% | |||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1.78% | 6.37% | 32.8% | 0.220% | |||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | 1.41% | 1.08% | 0.544% | ||||||||||||||||||||
New York | 0.105% | 2.66% | 2.10% | 1.83% | 0.690% | 33.9% | 0.977% | ||||||||||||||||
Maryland | 0.874% | 4.85% | 4.56% | 3.79% | 4.66% | 1.80% | |||||||||||||||||
Québec | 1.02% | 2.36% | 2.98% | 1.97% | 1.83% | 1.52% | |||||||||||||||||
Manitoba | 0.786% | 11.3% | 36.2% | 21.9% | 0.653% | 4.68% | |||||||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 1.57% | 1.28% | 1.67% | 0.437% | |||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | 1.79% | 1.64% | 2.12% | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ontario | 28.2% | 14.0% | 30.5% | 13.7% | 0.243% | ||||||||||||||||||
California | 0.110% | 12.3% | 1.15% | 2.11% | 0.438% | 1.08% | 5.44% | 13.5% | |||||||||||||||
Arkansas | 1.24% | 1.70% | 25.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 3.35% | 1.35% | 2.05% | 2.19% | 3.25% | 2.42% | 0.851% | 0.598% | |||||||||||||||
Ohio | 1.12% | 1.02% | 1.00% | 0.316% | 1.15% | 1.29% | |||||||||||||||||
Indiana | 1.07% | 1.32% | 1.13% | 30.9% | |||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 3.74% | 1.16% | 1.86% | 11.2% | |||||||||||||||||||
Iowa | 1.78% | 1.29% | 1.02% | 10.5% | |||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | 1.74% | 1.35% | 1.43% | 0.259% | |||||||||||||||||||