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Climate Zones

WorldPhysical Environment

The Köppen climate classification is a widely used climate classification system. It divides climates into five main groups, each with multiple subtypes.

University of Melbourne; Peel MC, Finlayson BL, and McMahon TA

A map depicts various climate zones across the globe, each marked with distinctive colors to represent different climatic conditions.

Tropical rain forests (A f), highlighted in dark green, are located in regions such as the Amazon Basin in South America, the Congo Basin in Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. Tropical monsoon climates (A m), shown in a yellow-green color, are found on the west coast of India, parts of Southeast Asia, and areas in Central and South America. Tropical savannas (A w), depicted in light green, span areas like central Brazil, central Africa, Myanmar, Vietnam, North East India, and northern Australia. Dry climates are represented by shades of brown and yellow. Tropical and subtropical hot deserts (B W h), in dark red, cover northern Africa Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mexico, and much of Australia. Midlatitude cold deserts (B W k), shown in light brown, are found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China and parts of North America and South America, Tropical and subtropical hot steppes (B S h), colored in light yellow, are present in the Sahel region of Africa, parts of India, parts of south America, and northern and western Australia. Midlatitude cold steppes (B S k), marked in dark yellow, stretch across central Asia and the western North American Great Plains, parts in South America, Spain, and South Africa.

Mesothermal climates are represented in shades of light blue, green, and purple. Humid subtropical climates (C f a), in light blue, are located in southeastern U S A, eastern China, Japan, southeast Australia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Humid subtropical climates with winter dryness (C w a), shown in teal, are found in parts of northern India and southeastern China, southern Africa, and parts of South America. Marine west coast climates (C f b, C f c), depicted in darker blue, occur in northwestern Europe and parts of outer America. Mediterranean climates (C s a, C s b), in brown, cover the Mediterranean Basin, parts of California, central Chile, and parts of Europe.

Microthermal climates, marked in varying shades of purple and pink, include humid continental climates with hot summers (D f a, D w a) in northeastern U S A, eastern China, and Korea. Humid continental climates with mild summers (D f b, D w b), shown in light purple, span northeastern Europe, parts of Canada, and northern Japan. Subarctic climates with cool summers (D f c, D w c, D s c), in dark blue, are found in Siberia, parts of Canada, and Scandinavia. Subarctic climates with cold winters (D f d, D w d, D s d), in the darkest shade of purple, cover northern Siberia.

Finally, polar and highland climates are represented by light and dark grey. Tundra climates (E T), in light grey, are located in the coastal regions of the Arctic, northern Alaska, northern Canada, and parts of Greenland. The darkest grey areas indicate ice cap climates (E F), covering the interior of Greenland and Antarctica.

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Climate Zones

Electricity Generation from Wind Power

Foreign Direct Investment

Oil Refineries

Tropical rain forest (Af)

Tropical monsoon (Am)

Tropical savanna (Aw)

Tropical, subtropical hot desert (BWh)

Midlatitude cold desert (BWk)

Tropical, subtropical hot steppe (BSh)

Midlatitude cold steppe (BSk)

Humid subtropical moist all year, hot summer (Cfa)

Marine West Coast (Cfb, Cfc)

Mediterranean (Csa, Csb)

Humid continental, hot summers (Dfa, Dwa, Dsa)

Humid continental, mild summers (Dfb, Dwb, Dsb)

Subarctic, cool summer (Dfc, Dwc, Dsc)

Tundra (ET)

Class

Rank

Billion kilowatt hours (kWh)

Class

Rank

Billions of U.S. dollars

BP Amoco Cherry Point Refinery

BP Texas City Refinery

BP Toledo Refinery

BP West Coast Products Refinery

BP Whiting Refinery

Chalmette Refining LLC Refinery

Chevron El Segundo Refinery

Citgo Corpus Christi Refinery

Citgo Petroleum Corp Lake Charles Refinery

Coffeyville Resources Refinery

ConocoPhillips Alliance (Belle Chasse) Oil Refinery LA USA

ConocoPhillips Borger Refinery

ConocoPhillips Linden Refinery

ConocoPhillips Ponca City Refinery

ConocoPhillips Sweeny Refinery

ConocoPhillips Westlake Refinery

ConocoPhillips Wilmington Refinery

ConocoPhillips Wood River Refinery

Crown Central Petroleum Corp Refinery

Deer Park Refining LTD Ptnrshp Refinery

ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery USA

ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery

ExxonMobil Joliet Refinery

ExxonMobil Torrance Refinery

Flint Hills Resources LP Refinery

Flint Hills Resources LP Saint Paul Refinery

Flint Hills Resources North Pole Refinery

Frontier Refining and Marketing Inc El Dorado Refinery

Imperial Oil Nanticoke Refinery

Imperial Oil Sarnia Refinery

Imperial Oil Strathcona Refinery

Irving Oil Limited Refinery

Lyondell Citgo Refining Houston Refinery

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Catlettsburg Refinery

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Garyville Refinery

Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Robinson Refinery

Motiva Enterprises LLC Convent Refinery

Motiva Enterprises LLC Norco Refinery

Motiva Enterprises LLC Port Arthur Refinery

Murphy Oil U.S.A. Inc Meraux Refinery

North Atlantic Refining Come by Chance Refinery

PBF Paulsboro Refinery NJ USA

PDV Midwest Refining LLC Lemont Refinery

Petro Canada Edmonton Refinery

Petro Canada Montreal Refinery

Premcor Refining Group Inc Lima Refinery

Premcor Refining Group Inc Memphis Refinery

Premcor Refining Group Inc Port Arthur Refinery

Premcore Refining Group Inc Delaware Refinery

Shell Anacortes Refinery

Shell Montreal East Refinery

Shell Oil Martinez Refinery

Shell Scotford Refinery

Sunoco Philadelphia Refinery

Sunoco Toledo Refinery

Tesoro Golden Eagle Martinez Refinery

Total Petrochemicals Inc Port Arthur Refinery

Ultramar(Valero) Jean-Gaulin Refinery

Valero Energy Corp Sunray Refinery

Valero Refining Co Corpus Christi West Refinery

Valero Refining Co Texas City Refinery

Valero Refining Corpus Christi East Plant

Valero Refining Port Arthur Refinery

Valero Saint Charles Oil Refinery LA USA

Valero Wilmington Refinery

Western Refining Co El Paso Refinery

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