Climate Zones
WorldPhysical EnvironmentThe Köppen climate classification is a widely used climate classification system. It divides climates into five main groups, each with multiple subtypes.
University of Melbourne; Peel MC, Finlayson BL, and McMahon TAA map depicts various climate zones across the globe, each marked with distinctive colors to represent different climatic conditions.
Tropical rain forests (A f), highlighted in dark green, are located in regions such as the Amazon Basin in South America, the Congo Basin in Central Africa, and Southeast Asia. Tropical monsoon climates (A m), shown in a yellow-green color, are found on the west coast of India, parts of Southeast Asia, and areas in Central and South America. Tropical savannas (A w), depicted in light green, span areas like central Brazil, central Africa, Myanmar, Vietnam, North East India, and northern Australia. Dry climates are represented by shades of brown and yellow. Tropical and subtropical hot deserts (B W h), in dark red, cover northern Africa Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mexico, and much of Australia. Midlatitude cold deserts (B W k), shown in light brown, are found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China and parts of North America and South America, Tropical and subtropical hot steppes (B S h), colored in light yellow, are present in the Sahel region of Africa, parts of India, parts of south America, and northern and western Australia. Midlatitude cold steppes (B S k), marked in dark yellow, stretch across central Asia and the western North American Great Plains, parts in South America, Spain, and South Africa. Mesothermal climates are represented in shades of light blue, green, and purple. Humid subtropical climates (C f a), in light blue, are located in southeastern U S A, eastern China, Japan, southeast Australia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Humid subtropical climates with winter dryness (C w a), shown in teal, are found in parts of northern India and southeastern China, southern Africa, and parts of South America. Marine west coast climates (C f b, C f c), depicted in darker blue, occur in northwestern Europe and parts of outer America. Mediterranean climates (C s a, C s b), in brown, cover the Mediterranean Basin, parts of California, central Chile, and parts of Europe. Microthermal climates, marked in varying shades of purple and pink, include humid continental climates with hot summers (D f a, D w a) in northeastern U S A, eastern China, and Korea. Humid continental climates with mild summers (D f b, D w b), shown in light purple, span northeastern Europe, parts of Canada, and northern Japan. Subarctic climates with cool summers (D f c, D w c, D s c), in dark blue, are found in Siberia, parts of Canada, and Scandinavia. Subarctic climates with cold winters (D f d, D w d, D s d), in the darkest shade of purple, cover northern Siberia. Finally, polar and highland climates are represented by light and dark grey. Tundra climates (E T), in light grey, are located in the coastal regions of the Arctic, northern Alaska, northern Canada, and parts of Greenland. The darkest grey areas indicate ice cap climates (E F), covering the interior of Greenland and Antarctica.
Tropical rain forest (Af) | Tropical monsoon (Am) | Tropical savanna (Aw) | Tropical, subtropical hot desert (BWh) | Midlatitude cold desert (BWk) | Tropical, subtropical hot steppe (BSh) | Midlatitude cold steppe (BSk) | Humid subtropical moist all year, hot summer (Cfa) | Marine West Coast (Cfb, Cfc) | Mediterranean (Csa, Csb) | Humid continental, hot summers (Dfa, Dwa, Dsa) | Humid continental, mild summers (Dfb, Dwb, Dsb) | Subarctic, cool summer (Dfc, Dwc, Dsc) | Tundra (ET) | Class | Rank | Billion kilowatt hours (kWh) | Class | Rank | Billions of U.S. dollars | BP Amoco Cherry Point Refinery | BP Texas City Refinery | BP Toledo Refinery | BP West Coast Products Refinery | BP Whiting Refinery | Chalmette Refining LLC Refinery | Chevron El Segundo Refinery | Citgo Corpus Christi Refinery | Citgo Petroleum Corp Lake Charles Refinery | Coffeyville Resources Refinery | ConocoPhillips Alliance (Belle Chasse) Oil Refinery LA USA | ConocoPhillips Borger Refinery | ConocoPhillips Linden Refinery | ConocoPhillips Ponca City Refinery | ConocoPhillips Sweeny Refinery | ConocoPhillips Westlake Refinery | ConocoPhillips Wilmington Refinery | ConocoPhillips Wood River Refinery | Crown Central Petroleum Corp Refinery | Deer Park Refining LTD Ptnrshp Refinery | ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery USA | ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery | ExxonMobil Joliet Refinery | ExxonMobil Torrance Refinery | Flint Hills Resources LP Refinery | Flint Hills Resources LP Saint Paul Refinery | Flint Hills Resources North Pole Refinery | Frontier Refining and Marketing Inc El Dorado Refinery | Imperial Oil Nanticoke Refinery | Imperial Oil Sarnia Refinery | Imperial Oil Strathcona Refinery | Irving Oil Limited Refinery | Lyondell Citgo Refining Houston Refinery | Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Catlettsburg Refinery | Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Garyville Refinery | Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC Robinson Refinery | Motiva Enterprises LLC Convent Refinery | Motiva Enterprises LLC Norco Refinery | Motiva Enterprises LLC Port Arthur Refinery | Murphy Oil U.S.A. Inc Meraux Refinery | North Atlantic Refining Come by Chance Refinery | PBF Paulsboro Refinery NJ USA | PDV Midwest Refining LLC Lemont Refinery | Petro Canada Edmonton Refinery | Petro Canada Montreal Refinery | Premcor Refining Group Inc Lima Refinery | Premcor Refining Group Inc Memphis Refinery | Premcor Refining Group Inc Port Arthur Refinery | Premcore Refining Group Inc Delaware Refinery | Shell Anacortes Refinery | Shell Montreal East Refinery | Shell Oil Martinez Refinery | Shell Scotford Refinery | Sunoco Philadelphia Refinery | Sunoco Toledo Refinery | Tesoro Golden Eagle Martinez Refinery | Total Petrochemicals Inc Port Arthur Refinery | Ultramar(Valero) Jean-Gaulin Refinery | Valero Energy Corp Sunray Refinery | Valero Refining Co Corpus Christi West Refinery | Valero Refining Co Texas City Refinery | Valero Refining Corpus Christi East Plant | Valero Refining Port Arthur Refinery | Valero Saint Charles Oil Refinery LA USA | Valero Wilmington Refinery | Western Refining Co El Paso Refinery | |
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6.90% | 4.19% | 1.68% | 17.2% | 2.57% | 9.24% | 20.9% | 55.8% | 0.656% | 11.0% | 16.7% | 25.1% | 45.5% | 11.1% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |