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Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

OceansPhysical Environment

Average sea-surface temperatures between 1990 and 2020

NOAA

Mean sea-surface temperatures shown using patterns of latitudinal bands extend roughly east to west. The coldest temperatures are shown in the northern latitudes. Temperatures warm as latitudes near the equator.

Sea-surface temperatures create latitudinal bands extending east to west, influenced by ocean currents and continents. In the tropics, temperatures range from 24.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius; in the midlatitudes, from 8.0 to 23.9 degrees Celsius; and in higher latitudes and polar regions, from negative 2.0 to 7.9 degrees Celsius. Significant deviations occur along the Atlantic coast of western Europe, where temperatures are warmer than the east coast of North America at the same latitude, and along the Pacific coast of Canada, the Atlantic coasts of Canada and the northeastern United States, and the western coasts of South America and southern Africa, where waters are cooler than expected. The hottest ocean areas are between Indonesia and Australia (30.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius), followed by tropical parts of the western Pacific and Indian oceans, and small areas along the coasts of West Africa and Central America (28.0 to 29.9 degrees Celsius).

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Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

World Elevations

Poor Urban Air Quality

Major Karst Regions

-2.0 to 0.0

0.0 to 1.9

2.0 to 3.9

4.0 to 5.9

6.0 to 7.9

8.0 to 9.9

10.0 to 11.9

12.0 to 13.9

14.0 to 15.9

18.0 to 19.9

20.0 to 21.9

22.0 to 23.9

24.0 to 25.9

26.0 to 27.9

28.0 to 29.9

2000–3,999 m

500–1,999 m

200–499 m

1–199 m

Below sea level to 0 m

Regina

Houston

Philadelphia

Oklahoma City

San Antonio

Boulder

Wichita

Portland

Irvine

Minneapolis

Boise

Winnipeg

Spring Hill

Greeley

St. Louis

Detroit

West Palm Beach

Columbus

Augusta

McAllen

Topeka

Las Cruces

Bakersfield

Oceanside

Reno

Indianapolis

Stockton

Baton Rouge

Glendale

Salinas

Trenton

Aurora

Modesto

Nogales

Rock Island

Fresno

Covington

Major Karst Regions

Alaska
0.243%0.756%0.368%0.312%0.159%3.83%0.187%
District of Columbia
100%
New Hampshire
24.8%51.0%24.2%
Rhode Island
4.89%91.9%
Vermont
5.41%75.7%16.8%
Washington
0.825%3.74%0.127%0.321%
Montana
7.68%92.3%
Delaware
1.06%97.1%
Prince Edward Island
5.18%54.6%
Hawaii
10.0%0.778%4.46%0.312%0.691%0.644%
Oregon
81.4%2.26%0.478%
British Columbia
1.06%0.679%0.195%3.52%0.563%
South Carolina
1.04%11.8%86.6%0.391%
Connecticut
0.194%20.0%79.4%
Massachusetts
1.32%2.66%0.220%3.87%32.8%55.0%
South Dakota
8.14%25.3%
Saskatchewan
0.419%47.4%1
Louisiana
1.00%93.8%0.383%
New Jersey
0.163%1.14%16.4%80.4%1
Colorado
49.6%1.04%
California
0.120%0.206%6.79%1.42%0.420%0.348%1.23%
Ohio
96.2%3.80%
Arizona
4.23%75.1%13.5%0.123%6.12%
Utah
28.9%4.66%16.5%
Yukon
2.03%1.62%0.171%2.08%2.27%
Northwest Territories
0.540%0.701%1.01%0.274%1.44%
Florida
0.797%0.110%0.317%0.665%97.2%0.723%42.1%
Idaho
20.0%1.27%0.527%
Wyoming
48.7%0.191%4.22%
Nunavut
2.12%0.590%0.103%0.752%3.79%
Maine
0.534%3.08%49.6%46.1%1.04%
North Dakota
1.28%41.6%18.3%
Kentucky
2.03%67.9%1.14%7.06%
Nova Scotia
1.84%0.489%0.275%0.472%5.47%9.63%45.5%
Virginia
0.725%25.3%22.3%50.6%17.5%
Mississippi
99.9%5.48%
West Virginia
41.2%57.1%1.62%27.1%
Nebraska
80.9%19.1%5.07%
Texas
0.214%45.6%17.8%36.4%10.625%
Missouri
86.5%13.5%0.407%
North Carolina
0.239%0.183%0.286%15.5%22.7%59.6%13.2%
New Brunswick
0.647%0.219%37.0%58.8%7.07%
Alabama
0.114%24.8%75.1%6.35%
New Mexico
28.8%69.9%29.5%
Kansas
51.4%48.6%2.31%
Wisconsin
0.545%2.16%95.2%1.75%31.1%
Newfoundland and Labrador
1.04%0.607%1.34%39.7%2.34%9.36%
Michigan
1.89%0.349%83.9%12.8%0.190%8.03%
Alberta
0.430%0.453%22.3%4.20%
Pennsylvania
20.4%65.0%0.204%14.8%
Nevada
0.567%92.4%4.77%
Georgia
0.230%3.30%26.4%69.4%0.831%38.3%
New York
0.265%0.344%4.04%49.6%0.993%1.63%
Maryland
2.09%7.33%7.75%80.9%2.82%0.239%
Québec
0.165%0.242%54.2%0.385%2.89%
Manitoba
0.246%72.5%23.3%13.2%
Oklahoma
21.8%70.1%8.07%4.68%
Tennessee
5.10%57.9%31.6%4.04%
Ontario
0.375%64.3%31.1%5.81%
Arkansas
1.84%28.8%69.4%17.2%
Indiana
71.4%0.711%33.8%
Minnesota
1.27%95.8%16.9%
Iowa
99.7%0.283%0.441%
Illinois
42.1%1.04%16.2%
0.18.0