Alaska

None

A map shows the minimum sea ice extent and glacial loss (2010 to 2020), marked by blue circles. The largest glacial loss is in the Gulf of Alaska, 83.1 gigatons, and the smallest in Iceland, Antarctic, and Subantarctic, 3.5 gigatons.

Loss of glacial ice between 1961 and 2016 measured using satellite imagery and field observations.

Glacial Loss 2010-2020

World

Gigatonnes

Northwest Territories

Florida

Rhode Island

Washington

Nunavut

Maine

Nova Scotia

Virginia

Delaware

Prince Edward Island

Texas

Louisiana

Hawaii

North Carolina

Oregon

New Brunswick

Alabama

British Columbia

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Jersey

Connecticut

Massachusetts

New York

Maryland

Québec

Ontario

California

A map shows ocean climate zones with different colors indicating Equatorial, Tropical, Subtropical, Temperate, Subpolar, and Polar zones.&nbsp;

Ocean Climate Zones

The map illustrates the various ocean climate zones around the globe:Equatorial Zone: Located around the equator, covering regions like the central Pacific Ocean, the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, and parts of the Indian Ocean near the equator.Tropical Zone: Found just north and south of the equatorial zones, covering areas like the northern Indian Ocean, parts of the Atlantic Ocean near the equator, and the central Pacific Ocean.Subtropical Zone: Located further from the equator, covering areas like the southern parts of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, northern parts of the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans, and parts of the Indian Ocean.Temperate Zone: Found in mid-latitude regions, covering areas like the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe and North America, the North Pacific Ocean off the coast of North America, and the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica.Subpolar Zone: Located in higher latitude regions, covering areas like the North Atlantic Ocean near Greenland, the North Pacific Ocean near Alaska, and parts of the Southern Ocean.Polar Zone: Found in the polar regions, covering areas like the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic region.Warm Currents: Include currents such as the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific Ocean, and the Brazil Current in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Oceans

NOAA

Arizona

Utah

Yukon

Idaho

Wyoming

Montana

North Dakota

Saskatchewan

Nebraska

Missouri

New Mexico

Kansas

Alberta

Colorado

Nevada

Manitoba

Oklahoma

South Dakota

Minnesota

Iowa

A world map shows the herder's environment highlighted in orange. Key regions include North America, Northern Europe, Russia, Mongolia, parts of North Africa, and sections of South America, particularly Argentina and Chile.

Areas of the world conducive to the spread of pastoralism (approximately 500 CE–1500 CE)

Herder's Environment

nature

District of Columbia

New Hampshire

Vermont

Kentucky

Mississippi

West Virginia

Wisconsin

South Carolina

Michigan

Pennsylvania

Georgia

Tennessee

Arkansas

Ohio

Indiana

Illinois

A global map shows lightning flashes per square kilometer per year (flashes per square kilometer per year).

Lightning flashes per square kilometer per year (flashes/km²/year)

Lightning Frequency

The map illustrates global lightning frequency. Areas with less than 0.1 flashes per square kilometer per year are shaded in light green and include most ocean regions, northern Canada, the Sahara Desert, and parts of western and northern Europe. Areas with 0.1 flashes per square kilometer per year are shaded in light yellow and are scattered along parts of oceanic regions and coastal regions. Regions with 0.2 flashes per square kilometer per year are shaded in light purple and include parts of oceanic regions, coastal regions in the north of Canada and Russia. Areas with 0.4 flashes per square kilometer per year are shaded in red and are scattered along the Atlantic ocean, coastal regions on the north of Russia, Indian Ocean, and Pacific ocean. Areas with 0.6 flashes per square kilometer per year to 1 flash per square kilometer per year are shaded in blue to light green, covering northern Canada, the contiguous United States (excluding the Southeast), parts of South America, much of northern region of Europe, most of Africa south of the Sahara, and most of South, East, and Southeast Asia, including south of Australia. Areas experiencing 2 to 10 flashes per square kilometer per year, indicated by pink to blue shades, include the Southeastern United States, parts of Central and South America, and large areas in Africa, South, East, and Southeast Asia. High lightning frequency regions (20 to 50 flashes per square kilometer per year) are highlighted in dark pink to dark red, located in Southeastern United States, Colombia in South America, Central Africa (notably the Democratic Republic of Congo), and Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

Display by:	Glacial Loss 2010-2020	Ocean Climate Zones					Herder's Environment	Lightning Frequency
	Alaska	Equatorial	Tropical	Subtropical	Temperate	Subpolar	Herder's Environment	Lightning Frequency	<0.1 flashes/km²/year	0.1 flashes/km²/year	0.2 flashes/km²/year	0.4 flashes/km²/year	0.6 flashes/km²/year	0.8 flashes/km²/year	1 flash/km²/year	2 flashes/km²/year	4 flashes/km²/year	6 flashes/km²/year	8 flashes/km²/year	10 flashes/km²/year	20 flashes/km²/year	30 flashes/km²/year
Alaska					2.05%	0.827%	0.152%	6.63%	1.78%	25.5%	0.226%	5.17%
Arizona							20.9%									1.13%	23.6%	20.0%	37.0%	18.2%
Utah							84.5%									22.2%	65.3%	0.130%
Yukon							100%		2.57%	1.17%	39.3%	42.1%	0.676%	0.532%	2.01%
Northwest Territories						1.67%	0.300%	10.4%	11.3%	1.93%	1.61%	13.9%	14.4%	4.36%	8.69%
District of Columbia																				100%
Florida			2.09%																	0.168%	52.7%	47.1%
Idaho							88.8%								8.51%	90.0%
New Hampshire																77.0%	23.0%
Rhode Island					8.19%											100%
Vermont																4.97%	95.0%
Washington					0.763%		0.612%			1.04%	10.6%	19.8%	20.2%	12.1%	35.6%	0.648%
Wyoming							100%									48.7%	16.7%	16.6%	10.4%	7.61%
Nunavut						4.30%	0.580%	41.3%	36.7%	7.71%	1.80%	1.53%	0.139%
Montana							100%								1.84%	16.7%	6.56%	12.0%	2.35%
Maine					1.22%		11.9%								5.45%	71.9%
North Dakota							33.5%									5.40%	24.2%	48.6%	17.6%
Kentucky																				100%
Nova Scotia					8.68%						8.11%	10.6%	36.1%	17.3%	27.8%
Virginia				0.104%	1.74%													0.585%	33.4%	66.0%
Delaware					4.66%											1.09%	21.6%	74.1%	3.24%
Prince Edward Island					54.8%							2.52%	8.96%	20.3%	68.2%
Saskatchewan							100%						0.267%	0.717%	31.5%	16.7%	3.54%
Mississippi																				53.6%	46.4%
West Virginia																			90.8%	9.25%
Nebraska							99.5%												2.93%	89.3%	7.74%
Texas		0.188%					39.6%											1.17%	8.70%	65.9%	24.2%
Missouri							14.4%													97.2%	2.76%
Louisiana			3.62%																		100%
Hawaii		2.56%	35.3%						0.113%	0.444%	32.9%	60.0%
North Carolina				2.25%																100%
Oregon					0.245%		3.11%			0.565%	3.81%	5.52%	5.86%	3.52%	49.6%	23.8%
New Brunswick					2.16%		11.5%							0.276%	0.234%	58.0%
Alabama			0.128%																	41.8%	58.2%
New Mexico							96.3%											7.94%	33.3%	53.7%
Kansas							98.4%													96.1%	3.88%
Wisconsin																0.368%	53.9%	28.7%	12.9%	3.74%
British Columbia					1.39%		0.210%		1.64%	6.95%	12.6%	20.1%	4.57%	5.28%	0.164%	6.19%
Newfoundland and Labrador					1.85%	0.552%	24.2%		5.05%	7.84%	8.94%	30.5%	12.3%	3.57%	0.308%
New Jersey					3.26%												9.73%	90.3%
South Carolina																				85.1%	14.9%
Michigan																1.83%	31.7%	16.4%	14.6%	8.66%
Alberta							100%								22.8%	73.1%	3.13%
Connecticut					0.661%											77.5%	20.8%	1.09%
Pennsylvania																	7.74%	34.9%	57.3%
Colorado							100%									3.18%	32.7%	15.2%	10.5%	30.1%	8.34%
Nevada							1.83%							1.83%	39.4%	47.0%	11.8%
Massachusetts				0.220%	7.89%										2.27%	79.0%	18.5%
Georgia																				48.4%	51.6%
New York					1.81%											16.1%	65.1%	18.0%	0.137%
Maryland					3.11%												2.23%	17.7%	58.3%	21.7%
Québec					0.264%	0.352%	0.452%		11.0%	4.90%	11.5%	3.83%	3.39%	3.67%	19.7%	17.8%	0.183%
Manitoba							99.9%					2.65%	4.40%	2.91%	25.0%	48.7%	10.4%
Oklahoma							48.3%													64.4%	35.6%
Tennessee																				100%
Ontario						0.107%	77.4%						2.58%	3.28%	0.872%	19.2%	2.31%	2.14%	0.326%	0.285%
California				0.550%	0.247%					2.29%	10.6%	16.3%	5.69%	2.96%	35.4%	15.6%	1.52%
Arkansas																				15.7%	84.3%
South Dakota							27.8%											2.09%	52.0%	45.9%
Ohio																			23.4%	76.6%
Indiana																				100%
Minnesota							6.88%									13.4%	3.05%	20.4%	21.8%	9.11%
Iowa							29.4%										5.30%	6.65%	14.4%	73.6%
Illinois																			1.50%	98.5%

MapMaster 3

Glacial Loss 2010-2020