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Atlas (Beta)

Mean Sea-Surface Temperature

OceansPhysical Environment

Average sea-surface temperatures between 1990 and 2020

Mean sea-surface temperatures shown using patterns of latitudinal bands extend roughly east to west. The coldest temperatures are shown in the northern latitudes. Temperatures warm as latitudes near the equator.

Sea-surface temperatures create latitudinal bands extending east to west, influenced by ocean currents and continents. In the tropics, temperatures range from 24.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius; in the midlatitudes, from 8.0 to 23.9 degrees Celsius; and in higher latitudes and polar regions, from negative 2.0 to 7.9 degrees Celsius. Significant deviations occur along the Atlantic coast of western Europe, where temperatures are warmer than the east coast of North America at the same latitude, and along the Pacific coast of Canada, the Atlantic coasts of Canada and the northeastern United States, and the western coasts of South America and southern Africa, where waters are cooler than expected. The hottest ocean areas are between Indonesia and Australia (30.0 to 32.0 degrees Celsius), followed by tropical parts of the western Pacific and Indian oceans, and small areas along the coasts of West Africa and Central America (28.0 to 29.9 degrees Celsius).

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Mean Sea-Surface Temperature																	Major Drainage Basins
-2.0 to 0.0	0.0 to 1.9	2.0 to 3.9	4.0 to 5.9	6.0 to 7.9	8.0 to 9.9	10.0 to 11.9	12.0 to 13.9	14.0 to 15.9	16.0 to 17.9	18.0 to 19.9	20.0 to 21.9	22.0 to 23.9	24.0 to 25.9	26.0 to 27.9	28.0 to 29.9	30.0 to 32.0	Adriatic Sea - Greece - Black Sea Coast	Africa, East Central Coast	Africa, Indian Ocean Coast	Africa, North Interior	Africa, North West Coast	Africa, Red Sea - Gulf of Aden Coast	Africa, South Interior	Africa, West Coast	Amazon	Amu Darya	Amur	Angola, Coast	Antarctica	Arabian Peninsula	Arabian Sea Coast	Arctic Ocean Islands	Atlantic Ocean Seaboard	Baja California	Baltic Sea Coast	Bay of Bengal, North East Coast	Black Sea, North Coast	Black Sea, South Coast	Bo Hai - Korean Bay, North Coast	Brahamani	California	Caribbean Coast	Caribbean	Caspian Sea Coast	Caspian Sea, East Coast	Caspian Sea, South West Coast	Cauvery	Central Iran	Central Patagonia Highlands	Chao Phraya	China Coast	Colombia - Ecuador, Pacific Coast	Columbia and Northwestern United States	Congo	Danube	Daugava	Dead Sea	Denmark - Germany Coast	Dnieper	Dniester	Don	Douro	East Brazil, South Atlantic Coast	Eastern Jordan - Syria	Ebro	Elbe	Ems - Weser	England and Wales	Farahrud	Finland	Fly	France, South Coast	France, West Coast	Fraser	Ganges - Bramaputra	Gironde	Gobi Interior	Godavari	Great Basin	Grijalva - Usumacinta	Guadalquivir	Guadiana	Gulf Coast	Gulf of Guinea	Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic Coast	Gulf of Thailand Coast	Hamun-i-Mashkel	Helmand	Hong (Red River)	Huang He	Hudson Bay Coast	Iceland	India East Coast	India North East Coast	India South Coast	India West Coast	Indus	Ireland	Irian Jaya Coast	Irrawaddy	Isthmus of Tehuantepec	Italy, East Coast	Italy, West Coast	Japan	Java - Timor	Kalimantan	Kara Sea Coast	Krishna	La Plata	La Puna Region	Lake Balkash	Lake Chad	Lena	Limpopo	Loire	Maas	Mackenzie	Madasgacar	Magdalena	Mahandi	Mahi	Mar Chiquita	Mediterranean Sea Islands	Mediterranean Sea, East Coast	Mediterranean South Coast	Mekong	Mexico, Interior	Mexico, Northwest Coast	Mississippi - Missouri	Namibia, Coast	Narmada	Narva	Negro	Neman	Neva	New Zealand	Niger	Nile	North America, Colorado	North and South Korea	North Argentina, South Atlantic Coast	North Borneo Coast	North Brazil, South Atlantic Coast	North Chile, Pacific Coast	North Gulf	Northeast South America, South Atlantic Coast	Northern Dvina	Northwest Territories	Ob	Oder	Orange	Orinoco	Pacific and Arctic Coast	Pacific Central Coast	Palau and East Indonesia	Pampas Region	Papaloapan	Papua New Guinea Coast	Parnaiba	Peninsula Malaysia	Pennar	Persian Gulf Coast	Peru, Pacific Coast	Philippines	Plateau of Tibet Interior	Po	Poland Coast	Red Sea, East Coast	Rhine	Rhône	Rift Valley	Río Balsas	Río Grande - Bravo	Río Lerma	Río Verde	Russia, Barents Sea Coast	Russia, South East Coast	Sabarmati	Salinas Grandes	Salween	Sao Francisco	Saskatchewan - Nelson	Scandinavia, North Coast	Scheldt	Scotland	Seine	Senegal	Sepik	Shebelli - Juba	Siberia, North Coast	Siberia, West Coast	Sinai Peninsula	Sittang	Solomon Islands	South Africa, South Coast	South Africa, West Coast	South America, Colorado	South Argentina, South Atlantic Coast	South Chile, Pacific Coast	South China Sea Coast	South Pacific Islands	Southern Central America	Spain - Portugal, Atlantic Coast	Spain, South and East Coast	Sri Lanka	St Lawrence	Sulawesi	Sumatra	Sweden	Syr Darya	Tagus	Taiwan	Tapti	Tarim Interior	Tiber	Tigris - Euphrates	Tocantins	United States, North Atlantic Coast	Ural	Uruguay - Brazil, South Atlantic Coast	Viet Nam, Coast	Volga	Volta	Wisla	Xun Jiang	Yangtze	Yasai	Yenisey	Yucatán Peninsula	Zambezi	Ziya He, Interior
	2.47%	12.1%									1.08%		100%	28.3%	17.7%	3.17%													87.6%																																										13.5%																												8.22%																																					96.7%																						58.3%																														16.6%						57.5%							43.7%
											100%		36.7%	4.98%																												82.2%	93.6%
							1.16%																			16.1%																		12.4%	16.0%																								8.22%								1.60%										4.05%	34.4%									11.2%														12.8%																																						27.5%																																																													31.3%				12.1%					3.55%
							1.33%			31.8%																	11.4%												3.99%												6.29%																								4.47%		20.8%													8.85%														95.4%																						1.59%														76.9%									1.53%																4.08%												8.54%			1.36%																																98.3%		16.9%											3.74%	17.6%		21.8%			3.72%
																											4.42%											45.9%						3.97%		80.0%															1.68%																																														4.99%						13.9%																						1.25%												1.60%		11.5%																											4.48%							1.62%							10.6%	19.5%																															7.19%						12.2%
	1.37%	1.54%	6.46%	3.58%	3.90%	1.32%	2.51%	1.50%	5.05%	3.20%							36.5%															26.9%			48.9%		20.7%																		40.9%	18.1%		18.9%	53.2%	11.9%	9.25%	16.6%			17.7%	27.4%	16.9%	58.5%		79.6%		4.48%	17.3%			12.6%					10.6%	11.7%										96.7%						25.7%				30.9%	21.8%												19.4%	3.30%							5.54%	95.9%								17.0%		33.0%	1.08%											9.46%				16.3%																22.3%	10.7%		16.4%	14.8%													41.3%	4.20%	30.8%	12.9%																	15.8%	19.6%					37.5%		12.0%				5.87%									17.4%
					1.53%	1.40%		1.91%						1.44%											44.1%																	14.1%							4.67%			13.8%											3.29%																	45.3%																													23.8%	5.38%									22.9%			4.35%											6.04%								8.07%		3.07%	31.1%		35.1%						47.3%				6.35%			3.84%				19.1%																5.92%		7.54%																13.1%	15.5%	12.6%			76.4%															10.7%			9.89%									24.7%
1.06%	100%	11.8%	7.96%	63.5%	7.48%	12.7%								10.1%	16.5%	29.2%				54.7%	26.4%								97.7%			98.3%											90.0%																																																																																																																																																18.6%											83.7%			72.9%
																																	2.95%	7.17%							3.87%												6.80%																					1.82%					3.54%	4.11%			3.99%		6.05%						13.5%										4.14%																17.5%										12.3%	23.2%	31.5%										5.93%						4.18%			40.3%					14.0%	2.81%			2.84%															7.61%	4.10%	6.51%	5.01%							5.29%																								4.49%												2.41%											6.69%
												2.13%		1.28%	100%																12.8%					11.9%				1.72%							2.42%																												36.7%			9.70%									13.3%	1.45%					1.88%	1.42%	1.81%	2.53%	18.5%											8.33%												4.50%	1.25%										3.08%																														2.23%																	13.1%																											98.3%								2.24%														2.21%
														2.36%	2.54%																					7.62%														30.7%																																				7.34%			27.5%										21.1%	55.3%					11.0%	24.3%																				32.9%																57.6%													3.11%					19.1%				93.0%																11.0%													8.51%							1.13%							9.32%	24.2%													24.9%				3.41%
										4.71%	1.13%						3.03%			69.4%	74.5%	6.77%								64.8%	4.26%							37.2%							8.82%	9.55%		48.4%									13.0%							8.97%					1.81%																		2.10%																									2.92%												17.0%	10.3%												6.56%	25.4%																								12.1%						21.9%																								2.76%																								19.1%
												76.8%	1.22%	1.30%	100%			36.4%	21.0%	17.4%		14.6%	28.6%	39.0%				23.6%																										54.6%																														33.4%																												37.3%		13.8%				99.5%												31.6%							32.6%	50.1%													37.7%																				21.3%																16.3%		36.3%						20.8%	8.49%																											17.9%							24.0%

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